论文部分内容阅读
摘 要:在高中英语教学中,阅读能力的培养十分重要。本文探讨了图式理论指导下的高中英语阅读教学策略:阅读读中活动设计——培养阅读技能和语篇分析能力。教师在图式理论的指导下,科学合理地设计阅读教学活动,不断地丰富学生的语言知识,提升对文本的解码能力;培养学生的阅读技能和篇章结构的分析能力,加强培养学生对文本深层次理解的能力。
关键词: 阅读教学活动设计;阅读技能;语篇分析能力
理论背景
图式理论认为,阅读能力由三种图式决定,即“语言图式、内容图式和结构图式”。语言图式指读者对阅读材料语言的掌握程度;内容图式指读者对文章主题的熟悉程度;结构图式指读者对文章体裁的了解程度(王志根,2007)。学生对阅读材料词、语块和长难句的解码能力是学生进行阅读理解的基本能力,语言知识的积累和解码能力的提升,有助于学生对阅读材料所涉的语言图式的正确解读。内容图式强调学生对阅读材料话题所涉的背景知识了解程度。如果学生对文章的话题有一定的了解,那么一般会更好地理解文章所传递的信息。结构图式与文章的篇章结构有关,有助于学生对文章的内容进行深层次的理解,并做出理性分析判断。
在英语阅读教学实践中,教师应根据学生的阅读水平和阅读材料的特点,进行多样化的教学设计来激活学生已有的图式,并更新其图式,既能激发学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生良好的阅读习惯和阅读技能,又能引导并帮助学生拓宽视野,丰富语言知识,全面提升阅读能力。
设计阅读任务时,要坚持把阅读材料作为一个整体来教的原则(赵丽丽,2010)。阅读读中任务设计应关注主要信息,进行信息转换,梳理和简化材料的主要内容,便于学生理解、记忆和口头输出(赵丽丽,2010)。另外要关注语篇分析,分析阅读材料的篇章结构、叙事方式,以及衔接手段等。
阅读读中活动设计
1. 阅读技能的培养
(1)引导学生关注主要信息
教师可以根据阅读材料的特点,结合阅读培养目标设计阅读读中教学任务,旨在培养学生的阅读技能,每篇文章可根据情况从以下阅读任务中挑选2—3项设计阅读任务:
① 理解并能概括文章的主旨大意;② 快速获取具体信息;
③ 根据上下文逻辑关系,做出合理推断;
④ 能理解文章的组织结构;
⑤ 根据上下文猜测词义;
⑥ 正确理解作者的写作意图、态度和观点。
例如,阅读文章Keep Believing in Yourself的主要内容是一位教授通过一个测试让学生明白自信的重要性,颇有教育意义。在设计阅读教学活动时,笔者分别设计了快速阅读获取信息和深层理解文章的教学活动,旨在培养学生的阅读技能,引导学生通过小组合作,进行探究,分析问题,思维碰撞,最终提升其能力:
Activity 1 Fast reading: Scanning for main ideas
Read Keep Believing in Yourself within 6 minutes and answer four questions:
1. The professor offered to give an automatic “B” to those who would prefer not to take the final because________.
A. he thought all of his students had prepared for the test well
B. he believed all the students were able to pass the exam
C. he didn’t want to place too much pressure on his students
D. he intended to tell his students about the importance of confidence
2. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Most of the students would go to medical school shortly after the exam.
B. 22 students got a “B” in the final test without doing the paper.
C. There were no problems on the test paper for the students to work out.
D. The way the professor tested his students would not be suitable for other subjects.
3. According to the author, the test given by the professor was_______.
A. funny
B. instructive
C. confusing
D. inappropriate
4. The point of the story is to advise readers ______.
A. to stay focused on what they can do
B. to surround themselves with confident people C. not to put up with being second best
D. not to let themselves be the biggest obstacle to their growth
【设计说明】培养学生快速获取相关信息,概括、归纳段落大意的能力,增强学生对篇章的理解能力。
Activity 2 Careful reading for detailed information(细节问题、猜测词义)
Then check the answers and have a group discussion, trying to solve the problems.
【设计说明】帮助学生理解文章深层次的内容,培养学生分析问题解决问题的能力。
学生读后首先进行个人思考问题处理阅读任务,然后对于有疑问的部分通过小组合作进行探究。在这个层面当中,个人的阅读活动和小组合作同等重要。探究的过程实际上是学生思维碰撞的过程,学生开始会分析、争论,甚至会对某一个问题争论地面红耳赤,但最终会达成共识,也就是探求到真知。教师必要时可以作点拨。
再如,在设计普通高中课程标准实验教科书外研版《英语》必修二第六模块第一课时“Film Review: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”这篇阅读材料的阅读活动时,笔者设计了Fast reading阅读活动培养学生快速文章大意的能力,之后又通过Careful reading阅读活动锻炼学生归纳段落获取细节信息的能力:
Film Review: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Fast reading
Read the film review as quickly as possible and answer the questions.
1. Which is the best summary of the film?
A. It takes place on Peking rooftops and in the deserts of western China.
B. It is a martial arts film that tells the story of a stolen sword, and the fight to get it back.
C. It tells the story of two people who love each other.
2. What tense is mainly used in this film review?
Careful reading
Read the film review again and answer the questions.
1. Which paragraph tells you about the plot?
2. Which paragraph tells you about the characters in the film?
3. Which paragraph gives the writer’s final opinion?
4. Which paragraph tells you the setting of the film (where and when the film takes place)?
(2)关注信息转换,对材料进行简化和梳理
在进行阅读任务设计时,教师要引导学生关注信息的转换,可以设计表格或完形填空等任务,对材料进行梳理和简化,有利于学生理解和记忆。
例如,下面这篇阅读材料是关于宿舍里真实而美好的友情的。文章内容冗长,信息繁多,学生在阅读时,很难抓住文章的主要信息。
SURVIVAL (生存) of the fittest is what the natural selection rule says. Although most of the time we make changes to the environment for our own benefits (利益), we still need to fit into the environment and take others’ concerns into consideration. Living in school dorms (宿舍) is such a situation, especially sharing a room with others. We have to learn how to get along with other people in order to live comfortably and peacefully.
For people living on campus, roommates are the most important and closest people to you. Nice roommates can bring joy to your life while bad ones might bring pain if you are unlucky. Lucky or not, I lived on my own for my first year in the US, without any roommates. However, I was very familiar with (熟悉) other Chinese students’ roommates, who were all Americans. Everyone was different from each other. One was nicknamed “Xiao Xigua” by us, which means small watermelon in Chinese. He liked to talk with us in his American Chinese. He always said swear words (脏话) “shut up” and “whatever”, which made me burst into laughter (大笑起来). Brian, a roommate of another Chinese student, is a really nice person, who offered me a book on physics research. Nevertheless (然而), he drove me crazy sometimes. If he was in a bad mood, I couldn’t enter his room or we would definitely have a row (争吵).

There were also some “crazy”Americans in the dorm, people who often shouted at and bossed (差遣) their roommates around. In short, roommates differ as much as animals in the natural world do. It would be a lucky thing to have a roommate who has a nice personality and treats Chinese roommates well. We should learn how to tolerate (容忍) and work with others in order to be successful and happy.
Roommates can actually become best friends. No matter where we go in the future, we will never forget our roommates and the precious (珍贵的) memories we have with them.
在进行这篇阅读材料的阅读活动设计时,教师可以设计表格(表1),帮助学生进行信息的转换,将繁多和冗杂的信息转换梳理,简化为条理清晰的简单信息。
2. 语篇分析能力的培养
(1)不同体裁文章采取不同的阅读策略
一般来说,不同体裁的文章有不同的表达方式,相同体裁的文章具有大致相同的结构图式(王志根,2007)。不同体裁的文章,其结构图式不同,表达的方式千差万别,因此,阅读不同体裁的文章,其阅读策略也不一样。教师在进行阅读教学时,要注意引导学生对不同体裁文章篇章结构的了解,逐渐形成各种体裁文章的结构图式,有助于学生提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解,并能够根据不同体裁文章的特点采用不同的阅读策略。
对于记叙文的阅读,阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图,对作者着重强调的细节描写要重点关注。也即是,阅读记叙文的关键是抓情节,抓住了故事情节,就理解了文章的脉络,其他问题就迎刃而解了。
说明文作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此,阅读说明文的关键是抓住事物的特点,即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
阅读议论文则要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点,就把握了中心,再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点和结论之间的内在联系,就能理解文章的结构。因此,阅读议论文的关键是:抓论题、抓观点。
而在阅读应用文时主要是注意细节信息,做题时,根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法更有效,实践中总结出读应用文的关键是:抓信息。
(2)关注上下文衔接手段
在进行阅读教学时,要引导学生关注上下文的衔接手段,分析文章的叙事方式和行文逻辑,这样,有助于学生对文章的内容进行深层次的理解,做出理性的分析判断。对于语篇意识的培养,教师可设计如下的问题:
1. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
2. How does the author develop the text? 3. How does the author prove his idea?以普通高中课程标准实验教科书外研版《英语》必修二第六模块拓展阅读——快乐阅读中的两篇阅读文章为例,这两篇阅读文章分别以3D电影和英国著名喜剧演员卓别林为话题,一篇介绍了观看3D电影会引发头疼及其原因,后一篇对卓别林进行了简单介绍。笔者通过对文章内容具体问题的设计,培养了学生通过根据不同的阅读任务采用不同的阅读策略来解决问题。
在第一篇文章阅读时,笔者设计的阅读问题如下:
1. How does 3D work? 2. Why does 3D give you headaches? 3. Next time you see a 3D film, what should you do if you have a headache? 在第二篇文章阅读时,笔者设计的阅读问题如下:
1. When was Charlie Chaplin born?
2. What was Charlie Chaplin’s childhood like? 3. Why did Charlie Chaplin wear a hat? 4. Why was Charlie forced by the U.S. government to live in Switzerland?
(3)从语篇角度出发,设空考查行文逻辑分析能力
在进行阅读教学时,也可从语篇的角度设计阅读材料,把文章中的几句话或某一段中的一句话设空,考查学生对行文逻辑的分析能力。
例如,在进行下面这篇文章的阅读任务设计时,将阅读材料中的两处进行了填空处理,让学生通过分析,从阅读材料后面所给的选项中选出恰当的内容进行补充。
Are you left-handed? If you are, you make up just 10 percent of the world’s population. ___1___ Most people write and play musical instruments with their right hands.
Why are so few people left-handed? A new theory, called “cooperation vs competition” may have the answer.____2____ When making tools for a righthanded person—like a knife—it was easier if everybody could use the same hand. But some humans wanted to compete instead. So to have an advantage over right-handed people, they would use their left hand to surprise competitors.
A. As humans evolved (进化),we needed to work together to live.
B. This means we live in a righthanded world.
C. Although there are few left-handed people, some of them are geniuses.
【设计说明】这样的阅读活动设计充分考查、锻炼了学生的行文逻辑分析能力,有助于学生在语篇层面理解并掌握语言知识,同时更好地理解文章的内容。
结语
激活并更新学生的原有图式对培养学生的阅读理解能力至关重要。教师应在图式理论的指导下,科学合理地设计阅读教学活动,不断地丰富学生的语言知识,提升对文本的解码能力;培养学生的阅读技能和篇章结构的分析能力。
需要特别指出的是阅读能力的培养要像腌咸菜一样,要给学生足够的时间和空间,让学生充分地体验阅读,在阅读中思考、分析。另外,要鼓励学生进行课外的自主拓展阅读活动,从阅读中开拓视野,获得乐趣。许国璋曾说过,“只有通过读,你才能获得最大的实践量,才能享受到学习外语的真正甜头;读,给你带来了一个崭新的世界”(周淑萍,2005)。 阅读教学天地广阔,英语教师大有作为。只要我们广大英语教师在阅读教学的沃土上辛勤耕耘,不断探索,不断创新,英语教学的明天会更美好!
参考文献
陈思清. 从图式理论看阅读的心理过程[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1992.
林东慧. 高中英语阅读课教学策略[J]. 广东教育(教研版),2009(6):59.
王志根. 用图式理论指导高中英语阅读教学[J]. 中小学外语教学(中学篇),2007(1):24-27.
赵丽丽. 大学英语阅读教学中任务的设计与实施[J]. 辽宁行政学院学报,2010(5):108-109.
周淑萍. 阅读,成功英语学习的必由之路[J].南平师专学报,2005(3):95-97.
关键词: 阅读教学活动设计;阅读技能;语篇分析能力
理论背景
图式理论认为,阅读能力由三种图式决定,即“语言图式、内容图式和结构图式”。语言图式指读者对阅读材料语言的掌握程度;内容图式指读者对文章主题的熟悉程度;结构图式指读者对文章体裁的了解程度(王志根,2007)。学生对阅读材料词、语块和长难句的解码能力是学生进行阅读理解的基本能力,语言知识的积累和解码能力的提升,有助于学生对阅读材料所涉的语言图式的正确解读。内容图式强调学生对阅读材料话题所涉的背景知识了解程度。如果学生对文章的话题有一定的了解,那么一般会更好地理解文章所传递的信息。结构图式与文章的篇章结构有关,有助于学生对文章的内容进行深层次的理解,并做出理性分析判断。
在英语阅读教学实践中,教师应根据学生的阅读水平和阅读材料的特点,进行多样化的教学设计来激活学生已有的图式,并更新其图式,既能激发学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生良好的阅读习惯和阅读技能,又能引导并帮助学生拓宽视野,丰富语言知识,全面提升阅读能力。
设计阅读任务时,要坚持把阅读材料作为一个整体来教的原则(赵丽丽,2010)。阅读读中任务设计应关注主要信息,进行信息转换,梳理和简化材料的主要内容,便于学生理解、记忆和口头输出(赵丽丽,2010)。另外要关注语篇分析,分析阅读材料的篇章结构、叙事方式,以及衔接手段等。
阅读读中活动设计
1. 阅读技能的培养
(1)引导学生关注主要信息
教师可以根据阅读材料的特点,结合阅读培养目标设计阅读读中教学任务,旨在培养学生的阅读技能,每篇文章可根据情况从以下阅读任务中挑选2—3项设计阅读任务:
① 理解并能概括文章的主旨大意;② 快速获取具体信息;
③ 根据上下文逻辑关系,做出合理推断;
④ 能理解文章的组织结构;
⑤ 根据上下文猜测词义;
⑥ 正确理解作者的写作意图、态度和观点。
例如,阅读文章Keep Believing in Yourself的主要内容是一位教授通过一个测试让学生明白自信的重要性,颇有教育意义。在设计阅读教学活动时,笔者分别设计了快速阅读获取信息和深层理解文章的教学活动,旨在培养学生的阅读技能,引导学生通过小组合作,进行探究,分析问题,思维碰撞,最终提升其能力:
Activity 1 Fast reading: Scanning for main ideas
Read Keep Believing in Yourself within 6 minutes and answer four questions:
1. The professor offered to give an automatic “B” to those who would prefer not to take the final because________.
A. he thought all of his students had prepared for the test well
B. he believed all the students were able to pass the exam
C. he didn’t want to place too much pressure on his students
D. he intended to tell his students about the importance of confidence
2. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Most of the students would go to medical school shortly after the exam.
B. 22 students got a “B” in the final test without doing the paper.
C. There were no problems on the test paper for the students to work out.
D. The way the professor tested his students would not be suitable for other subjects.
3. According to the author, the test given by the professor was_______.
A. funny
B. instructive
C. confusing
D. inappropriate
4. The point of the story is to advise readers ______.
A. to stay focused on what they can do
B. to surround themselves with confident people C. not to put up with being second best
D. not to let themselves be the biggest obstacle to their growth
【设计说明】培养学生快速获取相关信息,概括、归纳段落大意的能力,增强学生对篇章的理解能力。
Activity 2 Careful reading for detailed information(细节问题、猜测词义)
Then check the answers and have a group discussion, trying to solve the problems.
【设计说明】帮助学生理解文章深层次的内容,培养学生分析问题解决问题的能力。
学生读后首先进行个人思考问题处理阅读任务,然后对于有疑问的部分通过小组合作进行探究。在这个层面当中,个人的阅读活动和小组合作同等重要。探究的过程实际上是学生思维碰撞的过程,学生开始会分析、争论,甚至会对某一个问题争论地面红耳赤,但最终会达成共识,也就是探求到真知。教师必要时可以作点拨。
再如,在设计普通高中课程标准实验教科书外研版《英语》必修二第六模块第一课时“Film Review: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”这篇阅读材料的阅读活动时,笔者设计了Fast reading阅读活动培养学生快速文章大意的能力,之后又通过Careful reading阅读活动锻炼学生归纳段落获取细节信息的能力:
Film Review: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Fast reading
Read the film review as quickly as possible and answer the questions.
1. Which is the best summary of the film?
A. It takes place on Peking rooftops and in the deserts of western China.
B. It is a martial arts film that tells the story of a stolen sword, and the fight to get it back.
C. It tells the story of two people who love each other.
2. What tense is mainly used in this film review?
Careful reading
Read the film review again and answer the questions.
1. Which paragraph tells you about the plot?
2. Which paragraph tells you about the characters in the film?
3. Which paragraph gives the writer’s final opinion?
4. Which paragraph tells you the setting of the film (where and when the film takes place)?
(2)关注信息转换,对材料进行简化和梳理
在进行阅读任务设计时,教师要引导学生关注信息的转换,可以设计表格或完形填空等任务,对材料进行梳理和简化,有利于学生理解和记忆。
例如,下面这篇阅读材料是关于宿舍里真实而美好的友情的。文章内容冗长,信息繁多,学生在阅读时,很难抓住文章的主要信息。
SURVIVAL (生存) of the fittest is what the natural selection rule says. Although most of the time we make changes to the environment for our own benefits (利益), we still need to fit into the environment and take others’ concerns into consideration. Living in school dorms (宿舍) is such a situation, especially sharing a room with others. We have to learn how to get along with other people in order to live comfortably and peacefully.
For people living on campus, roommates are the most important and closest people to you. Nice roommates can bring joy to your life while bad ones might bring pain if you are unlucky. Lucky or not, I lived on my own for my first year in the US, without any roommates. However, I was very familiar with (熟悉) other Chinese students’ roommates, who were all Americans. Everyone was different from each other. One was nicknamed “Xiao Xigua” by us, which means small watermelon in Chinese. He liked to talk with us in his American Chinese. He always said swear words (脏话) “shut up” and “whatever”, which made me burst into laughter (大笑起来). Brian, a roommate of another Chinese student, is a really nice person, who offered me a book on physics research. Nevertheless (然而), he drove me crazy sometimes. If he was in a bad mood, I couldn’t enter his room or we would definitely have a row (争吵).

There were also some “crazy”Americans in the dorm, people who often shouted at and bossed (差遣) their roommates around. In short, roommates differ as much as animals in the natural world do. It would be a lucky thing to have a roommate who has a nice personality and treats Chinese roommates well. We should learn how to tolerate (容忍) and work with others in order to be successful and happy.
Roommates can actually become best friends. No matter where we go in the future, we will never forget our roommates and the precious (珍贵的) memories we have with them.
在进行这篇阅读材料的阅读活动设计时,教师可以设计表格(表1),帮助学生进行信息的转换,将繁多和冗杂的信息转换梳理,简化为条理清晰的简单信息。
2. 语篇分析能力的培养
(1)不同体裁文章采取不同的阅读策略
一般来说,不同体裁的文章有不同的表达方式,相同体裁的文章具有大致相同的结构图式(王志根,2007)。不同体裁的文章,其结构图式不同,表达的方式千差万别,因此,阅读不同体裁的文章,其阅读策略也不一样。教师在进行阅读教学时,要注意引导学生对不同体裁文章篇章结构的了解,逐渐形成各种体裁文章的结构图式,有助于学生提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解,并能够根据不同体裁文章的特点采用不同的阅读策略。
对于记叙文的阅读,阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图,对作者着重强调的细节描写要重点关注。也即是,阅读记叙文的关键是抓情节,抓住了故事情节,就理解了文章的脉络,其他问题就迎刃而解了。
说明文作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此,阅读说明文的关键是抓住事物的特点,即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
阅读议论文则要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点,就把握了中心,再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点和结论之间的内在联系,就能理解文章的结构。因此,阅读议论文的关键是:抓论题、抓观点。
而在阅读应用文时主要是注意细节信息,做题时,根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法更有效,实践中总结出读应用文的关键是:抓信息。
(2)关注上下文衔接手段
在进行阅读教学时,要引导学生关注上下文的衔接手段,分析文章的叙事方式和行文逻辑,这样,有助于学生对文章的内容进行深层次的理解,做出理性的分析判断。对于语篇意识的培养,教师可设计如下的问题:
1. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
2. How does the author develop the text? 3. How does the author prove his idea?以普通高中课程标准实验教科书外研版《英语》必修二第六模块拓展阅读——快乐阅读中的两篇阅读文章为例,这两篇阅读文章分别以3D电影和英国著名喜剧演员卓别林为话题,一篇介绍了观看3D电影会引发头疼及其原因,后一篇对卓别林进行了简单介绍。笔者通过对文章内容具体问题的设计,培养了学生通过根据不同的阅读任务采用不同的阅读策略来解决问题。
在第一篇文章阅读时,笔者设计的阅读问题如下:
1. How does 3D work? 2. Why does 3D give you headaches? 3. Next time you see a 3D film, what should you do if you have a headache? 在第二篇文章阅读时,笔者设计的阅读问题如下:
1. When was Charlie Chaplin born?
2. What was Charlie Chaplin’s childhood like? 3. Why did Charlie Chaplin wear a hat? 4. Why was Charlie forced by the U.S. government to live in Switzerland?
(3)从语篇角度出发,设空考查行文逻辑分析能力
在进行阅读教学时,也可从语篇的角度设计阅读材料,把文章中的几句话或某一段中的一句话设空,考查学生对行文逻辑的分析能力。
例如,在进行下面这篇文章的阅读任务设计时,将阅读材料中的两处进行了填空处理,让学生通过分析,从阅读材料后面所给的选项中选出恰当的内容进行补充。
Are you left-handed? If you are, you make up just 10 percent of the world’s population. ___1___ Most people write and play musical instruments with their right hands.
Why are so few people left-handed? A new theory, called “cooperation vs competition” may have the answer.____2____ When making tools for a righthanded person—like a knife—it was easier if everybody could use the same hand. But some humans wanted to compete instead. So to have an advantage over right-handed people, they would use their left hand to surprise competitors.
A. As humans evolved (进化),we needed to work together to live.
B. This means we live in a righthanded world.
C. Although there are few left-handed people, some of them are geniuses.
【设计说明】这样的阅读活动设计充分考查、锻炼了学生的行文逻辑分析能力,有助于学生在语篇层面理解并掌握语言知识,同时更好地理解文章的内容。
结语
激活并更新学生的原有图式对培养学生的阅读理解能力至关重要。教师应在图式理论的指导下,科学合理地设计阅读教学活动,不断地丰富学生的语言知识,提升对文本的解码能力;培养学生的阅读技能和篇章结构的分析能力。
需要特别指出的是阅读能力的培养要像腌咸菜一样,要给学生足够的时间和空间,让学生充分地体验阅读,在阅读中思考、分析。另外,要鼓励学生进行课外的自主拓展阅读活动,从阅读中开拓视野,获得乐趣。许国璋曾说过,“只有通过读,你才能获得最大的实践量,才能享受到学习外语的真正甜头;读,给你带来了一个崭新的世界”(周淑萍,2005)。 阅读教学天地广阔,英语教师大有作为。只要我们广大英语教师在阅读教学的沃土上辛勤耕耘,不断探索,不断创新,英语教学的明天会更美好!
参考文献
陈思清. 从图式理论看阅读的心理过程[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1992.
林东慧. 高中英语阅读课教学策略[J]. 广东教育(教研版),2009(6):59.
王志根. 用图式理论指导高中英语阅读教学[J]. 中小学外语教学(中学篇),2007(1):24-27.
赵丽丽. 大学英语阅读教学中任务的设计与实施[J]. 辽宁行政学院学报,2010(5):108-109.
周淑萍. 阅读,成功英语学习的必由之路[J].南平师专学报,2005(3):95-97.