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第16届“中国国际教育巡回展”日前在广州圆满落幕,其为学生和家长搭建了交流留学信息的平台。在此次展会上,前来咨询留学美国高中相关信息的学生和家长较多。
美国的高中教育究竟是怎样,现实中的教育是否像high school musical (《歌舞青春》)那样精彩纷呈呢?记者就此提问曾在马萨诸塞大学留学五年的、北京师范大学教育管理学院余凯副教授。
“学习氛围还是蛮宽松的”
Q: The 16th China International Education Exhibition Tour (CIEET 2011) was held in seven major cities (Beijing, Dalian, Xian, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Guangzhou) from March 12 to 27, 2011. More than 400 schools and educational institutions, from over 30 countries and regions, participated in the exhibition. Huge number of vistors planning study aboard were attracted to meet face to face with them, getting information of studying in American high schools. What do you think of so many students want to study overseas at such a young age?
A: The American schooling mode is competitive, its higher education especially, has won a worldwide good reputation. Strong research and funding have helped make American colleges and universities among the worlds most prestigious, which is particularly attractive to international students in the pursuit of academic excell ence.
Its competitive universities as well as cultural diversity appeal to many Chinese young men. Nowadays they are more willing to make longterm education plans — American high school and then American college — in order to know the culture well, considering more younger, more easier to fit in. Besides, the comprehensive curricular and studentoriented learning pattern weigh a lot when the decisions are made.
Q: what are the classes like?
A: The class of US high school is a much smaller one which enhances interaction between teachers and students. Classes are joyful and pleasant, students can raise questions at anytime without the need of standing up.
When teaching knowledge, teachers do far more than just giving abstract and systematic knowledge, they contact textbook information with practical life, tell students how to acquire knowledge by themselves. During classes, we can easily feel that students initiative role is played to the full. In much of the class time, students do experiments or discuss in groups with advice and guidance from teachers to solve problems together. Group discussions are aimed at fostering teamwork spirit, the process is much more meaningful than the results coming out.
Q: Is there still an explicit concept of “class”?
A: The American high school students are not bounded together by “class”. A student may at the same time take different levels of English and mathmatics classes according to his acdemic performance. So, a grade one student could sit in the same classroom with a classmate of grade four. Besides mandatory subjects high schools offer a wide variety of elective courses, which usually open to students of all four grades.
Teachers give lectures and lessons in classrooms while students decide which classroom to go according to what courses they have chosen. So, they are more likely take classes in different classrooms and with different “classmates” which is quite different from what we do in China. There are staff help students to choose right courses, or offer psychological guidance. There are no head teachers in the US high schools, generally the (vice) principals deal with the students discipline issues.
“在美国上高中也很辛苦”
记者:您刚刚提到,不少孩子愿意去美国读高中,除了宽松的学习氛围外,还有一个重要因素是有着丰富的课程设置。能否请您简单说说呢?
余凯:美国的高中课程是非常多元的,甚至有些层次课程已经延伸到了大学,标准和规范也会因老师而有所不同。在这方面,美国高中教育与大学教育的衔接做得较好,这也是吸引不少中国父母送孩子去美国读高中的原因。
一般说来,美国高中课程通常分为五大门类,分别为英语、数学、科学、社会研究和体育。美国在教育上是分权制国家,在课程设置上没有强制性国家标准。各个州有不同的课程要求,因此课程名称五花八门,但基本是以上五个门类。学生可以根据自己的学习水平决定所学课程的难度。比如,数学基础不错的学生,在数学老师的签字推荐下,就可在高中选修类似微积分的较高难度课程。数学不太好的可将课程难度定低点儿,保证自己能拿到学分,这样也能顺利毕业。当然,还有不少选修课,科目是多彩的,关键在于如何把握和运用。
记者:有的学生认为,到国外去上学应该是轻松自由的。据您了解,美国高中生的课业压力大吗?
余凯:美国高中毕业虽较为容易,但想进好的大学还是需要认真刻苦的,因为名牌大学的门可不是向每一个学生敞开的。尤其是奥巴马政府上台以来,启动了“力争上游(Race to the Top)”计划,斥资数十亿美元,提高美国基础教育质量。
在美国上大学要看两种成绩:第一是,高中四年课程学习的绩点,英文名称GPA;第二是考大学的成绩,英文名称SAT,包括英语、数学和写作等。如果要想上名校,学习方面除了要看这两种成绩外,还得看修读AP和IB等课程的数量和质量。因此,优秀美国高中生面临的学业压力也是相当大的。
记者:AP和IB分别指的是什么呢?
余凯:AP (Advanced Placement),中文名称为大学预修课程。其是为了让高中生提前接触大学课程,完成一些美国大学的学分课程及考试,成绩可以作为申请大学的一个重要筹码。所有AP课程均为高中的荣誉课程,需要以前课程教师推荐方可学习。说到IB,它的全称是国际预科证书课程 (International Baccalaureate Diploma programme),是由国际文凭组织为高中生设计的一组为期两年的课程。
美国大学申请表上写着,您的高中都有哪些难度较高的课程,其实就是指的AP和IB这类课程。
记者:如此说来,在美国上高中也还蛮辛苦的。
余凯:是的,要想进好大学,是得好好努力才行。AP和IB所学的课程内容比普通班的要深得多,广得多,作业也就多了很多。作业多了,所花的时间也相应增加。另外,针对美国高中生颁发、进入精英美国大学的敲门砖的美国总统奖学金的竞争非常激烈,对竞争者的学业成绩要求较高。
“高中活动丰富堪比大学”
记者:美国高中课程内容丰富,需要花不少时间。学习之余,高中生又有着怎样的活动安排呢?
余凯:美国高中与其所在的社区关系密切,相应的课外活动 (Afterschool Activities) 确实不少,其丰富程度较之大学不遑多让,如体育赛事、辩论会、演讲赛、各种社会服务等。美国名牌大学录取学生,除了看他的成绩外,还得看其领导与组织能力。在大学的申请表上都有这些栏目,高中期间参加过什么课外活动;课外活动的年限是多长;担任了什么职务;得过什么奖励或荣誉等,这也从一个侧面反映了课外活动的重要性。由于美国大学对体育特长生的偏爱,体育也是课外活动中一个相当重要的部分。
记者:关于体育,有哪些要求呢?
余凯:高中体育课,英文称PE (Physical Education)。学校里有各种各样的体育活动,如篮球、足球、田径、游泳和美式橄榄球等。美国大学并不是看你体育课得了什么分数,而是看在体育方面有什么擅长。在我求学时所在的麻省,棒球大概是最受欢迎的体育赛事。每逢波士顿红袜队和纽约扬基队比赛,几乎是万人空巷。
记者:通过您的讲述,美国的高中教育远非想像的轻松。最后,您对即将出国留学的学生有何建议?
余凯:高中留学很好的语言基础还是必要的,跟校方的沟通、现场的面试,都喜欢跟学生进行直接的英语交流,而不是提供翻译服务。他们也会觉得这样的学生,可能会有更多的自主能力、更强的学习能力,对于他们以后到美国读高中、大学都有所帮助。
余凯,北京师范大学比较教育学博士 (Ph.D.),美国马萨诸塞大学教育政策与领导博士 (Ed.D.),曾在联合国总部经济和社会理事会政策研究司任实习政策分析师,现为北京师范大学教育管理学院副教授,中国滋根乡村教育与发展促进会理事。主要从事教育与公共政策、学校改进和教育评估等领域的教学与研究,出版中英文专著多部,发表论文二十余篇。
责任编辑 高守娟
白羊座 (Aries) 黄道带十二星座之一,面积44139平方度,占全天面积的107%,在全天88个星座中,面积排行第三十九。白羊座亮于55等的恒星有28颗,其中2等星1颗,3等星1颗。每年10月30日子夜白羊座的中心经过上中天。
白羊座虽然不引人注目,但在古希腊很著名,因为古代春分点就位于白羊座。现在由于岁差的关系,春分点已经移到双鱼座。
美国的高中教育究竟是怎样,现实中的教育是否像high school musical (《歌舞青春》)那样精彩纷呈呢?记者就此提问曾在马萨诸塞大学留学五年的、北京师范大学教育管理学院余凯副教授。
“学习氛围还是蛮宽松的”
Q: The 16th China International Education Exhibition Tour (CIEET 2011) was held in seven major cities (Beijing, Dalian, Xian, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Guangzhou) from March 12 to 27, 2011. More than 400 schools and educational institutions, from over 30 countries and regions, participated in the exhibition. Huge number of vistors planning study aboard were attracted to meet face to face with them, getting information of studying in American high schools. What do you think of so many students want to study overseas at such a young age?
A: The American schooling mode is competitive, its higher education especially, has won a worldwide good reputation. Strong research and funding have helped make American colleges and universities among the worlds most prestigious, which is particularly attractive to international students in the pursuit of academic excell ence.
Its competitive universities as well as cultural diversity appeal to many Chinese young men. Nowadays they are more willing to make longterm education plans — American high school and then American college — in order to know the culture well, considering more younger, more easier to fit in. Besides, the comprehensive curricular and studentoriented learning pattern weigh a lot when the decisions are made.
Q: what are the classes like?
A: The class of US high school is a much smaller one which enhances interaction between teachers and students. Classes are joyful and pleasant, students can raise questions at anytime without the need of standing up.
When teaching knowledge, teachers do far more than just giving abstract and systematic knowledge, they contact textbook information with practical life, tell students how to acquire knowledge by themselves. During classes, we can easily feel that students initiative role is played to the full. In much of the class time, students do experiments or discuss in groups with advice and guidance from teachers to solve problems together. Group discussions are aimed at fostering teamwork spirit, the process is much more meaningful than the results coming out.
Q: Is there still an explicit concept of “class”?
A: The American high school students are not bounded together by “class”. A student may at the same time take different levels of English and mathmatics classes according to his acdemic performance. So, a grade one student could sit in the same classroom with a classmate of grade four. Besides mandatory subjects high schools offer a wide variety of elective courses, which usually open to students of all four grades.
Teachers give lectures and lessons in classrooms while students decide which classroom to go according to what courses they have chosen. So, they are more likely take classes in different classrooms and with different “classmates” which is quite different from what we do in China. There are staff help students to choose right courses, or offer psychological guidance. There are no head teachers in the US high schools, generally the (vice) principals deal with the students discipline issues.
“在美国上高中也很辛苦”
记者:您刚刚提到,不少孩子愿意去美国读高中,除了宽松的学习氛围外,还有一个重要因素是有着丰富的课程设置。能否请您简单说说呢?
余凯:美国的高中课程是非常多元的,甚至有些层次课程已经延伸到了大学,标准和规范也会因老师而有所不同。在这方面,美国高中教育与大学教育的衔接做得较好,这也是吸引不少中国父母送孩子去美国读高中的原因。
一般说来,美国高中课程通常分为五大门类,分别为英语、数学、科学、社会研究和体育。美国在教育上是分权制国家,在课程设置上没有强制性国家标准。各个州有不同的课程要求,因此课程名称五花八门,但基本是以上五个门类。学生可以根据自己的学习水平决定所学课程的难度。比如,数学基础不错的学生,在数学老师的签字推荐下,就可在高中选修类似微积分的较高难度课程。数学不太好的可将课程难度定低点儿,保证自己能拿到学分,这样也能顺利毕业。当然,还有不少选修课,科目是多彩的,关键在于如何把握和运用。
记者:有的学生认为,到国外去上学应该是轻松自由的。据您了解,美国高中生的课业压力大吗?
余凯:美国高中毕业虽较为容易,但想进好的大学还是需要认真刻苦的,因为名牌大学的门可不是向每一个学生敞开的。尤其是奥巴马政府上台以来,启动了“力争上游(Race to the Top)”计划,斥资数十亿美元,提高美国基础教育质量。
在美国上大学要看两种成绩:第一是,高中四年课程学习的绩点,英文名称GPA;第二是考大学的成绩,英文名称SAT,包括英语、数学和写作等。如果要想上名校,学习方面除了要看这两种成绩外,还得看修读AP和IB等课程的数量和质量。因此,优秀美国高中生面临的学业压力也是相当大的。
记者:AP和IB分别指的是什么呢?
余凯:AP (Advanced Placement),中文名称为大学预修课程。其是为了让高中生提前接触大学课程,完成一些美国大学的学分课程及考试,成绩可以作为申请大学的一个重要筹码。所有AP课程均为高中的荣誉课程,需要以前课程教师推荐方可学习。说到IB,它的全称是国际预科证书课程 (International Baccalaureate Diploma programme),是由国际文凭组织为高中生设计的一组为期两年的课程。
美国大学申请表上写着,您的高中都有哪些难度较高的课程,其实就是指的AP和IB这类课程。
记者:如此说来,在美国上高中也还蛮辛苦的。
余凯:是的,要想进好大学,是得好好努力才行。AP和IB所学的课程内容比普通班的要深得多,广得多,作业也就多了很多。作业多了,所花的时间也相应增加。另外,针对美国高中生颁发、进入精英美国大学的敲门砖的美国总统奖学金的竞争非常激烈,对竞争者的学业成绩要求较高。
“高中活动丰富堪比大学”
记者:美国高中课程内容丰富,需要花不少时间。学习之余,高中生又有着怎样的活动安排呢?
余凯:美国高中与其所在的社区关系密切,相应的课外活动 (Afterschool Activities) 确实不少,其丰富程度较之大学不遑多让,如体育赛事、辩论会、演讲赛、各种社会服务等。美国名牌大学录取学生,除了看他的成绩外,还得看其领导与组织能力。在大学的申请表上都有这些栏目,高中期间参加过什么课外活动;课外活动的年限是多长;担任了什么职务;得过什么奖励或荣誉等,这也从一个侧面反映了课外活动的重要性。由于美国大学对体育特长生的偏爱,体育也是课外活动中一个相当重要的部分。
记者:关于体育,有哪些要求呢?
余凯:高中体育课,英文称PE (Physical Education)。学校里有各种各样的体育活动,如篮球、足球、田径、游泳和美式橄榄球等。美国大学并不是看你体育课得了什么分数,而是看在体育方面有什么擅长。在我求学时所在的麻省,棒球大概是最受欢迎的体育赛事。每逢波士顿红袜队和纽约扬基队比赛,几乎是万人空巷。
记者:通过您的讲述,美国的高中教育远非想像的轻松。最后,您对即将出国留学的学生有何建议?
余凯:高中留学很好的语言基础还是必要的,跟校方的沟通、现场的面试,都喜欢跟学生进行直接的英语交流,而不是提供翻译服务。他们也会觉得这样的学生,可能会有更多的自主能力、更强的学习能力,对于他们以后到美国读高中、大学都有所帮助。
余凯,北京师范大学比较教育学博士 (Ph.D.),美国马萨诸塞大学教育政策与领导博士 (Ed.D.),曾在联合国总部经济和社会理事会政策研究司任实习政策分析师,现为北京师范大学教育管理学院副教授,中国滋根乡村教育与发展促进会理事。主要从事教育与公共政策、学校改进和教育评估等领域的教学与研究,出版中英文专著多部,发表论文二十余篇。
责任编辑 高守娟
白羊座 (Aries) 黄道带十二星座之一,面积44139平方度,占全天面积的107%,在全天88个星座中,面积排行第三十九。白羊座亮于55等的恒星有28颗,其中2等星1颗,3等星1颗。每年10月30日子夜白羊座的中心经过上中天。
白羊座虽然不引人注目,但在古希腊很著名,因为古代春分点就位于白羊座。现在由于岁差的关系,春分点已经移到双鱼座。