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为探讨棉花高产简化栽培新途径,通过十年连续田间试验,对棉花株型调控技术、不同株型不同部位及叶枝的成铃质量、多茎株型适宜的种植密度及品种适应性进行了研究。结果表明:利用叶枝塑造的株型为多茎倒伞型,其株型调控技术是留叶枝早摘心,主茎12台果枝打顶、叶枝7月5日(初花期)摘心处理籽棉产量最高,较其他处理增产9.0%~10.9%;叶枝成铃单铃重高于多茎株型及常规株型下部1~4台果枝结铃单铃重,纤维品质无明显差异;多茎株型栽培适宜的密度适应范围是3.3万株/hm2~5.1万株/hm2;多茎株型品种适应性广,叶枝发达的杂交棉品种增产潜力更大。多茎株型栽培高产简化技术关键是:扩行距、适密度、留叶枝、早摘心。
In order to explore a new way of high-yield and simplified cotton cultivation, ten years of continuous field experiments were carried out to study cotton plant type regulation technology, different parts of different plant types and branches, the suitable planting density and variety adaptability . The results showed that the type of leaf-shaped branches was inverted umbrella with multiple stalks and its plant type regulation technique was that the top seedling with leaves retained the branches and topped with 12 branches of the main stem and the tops of the branches with the branches at the first flowering stage of July 5 were the highest. Compared with other treatments, the boll weight increased by 9.0% -10.9%. The single boll weight of boll boll was higher than that of 1 or 4 bolls bolls of bolls, The range of density adaptability is 33000 plants / hm2 ~ 51000 plants / hm2. The varieties with more stems are more adaptable and the hybrids with developed leaf branches have more potential to increase yield. The key to high-yield and simple technology of multi-stem plant cultivation is: expansion of spacing, appropriate density, retention of leaf branches, early-topping.