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【摘要】非谓语动词是高中阶段必须掌握的语法，它既是重点，又是难点。其中现在分词的用法最让同学们头疼。同学们究竟应该怎样着手学习，又该注意些什么呢？
【摘要】现在分词;掌握
Concerning the present participle adverbial
Zhou Rong
【Abstract】The verb is the high school stage must master the grammar, it is both key and difficult points. Among them the present participle usage most students have a headache. Schoolmates actually should learn how to go about, and this note what?
【Key words】the present participle; master
非谓语动词是高中阶段必须掌握的语法，它既是重点，又是难点。其中现在分词的用法最让同学们头疼。同学们究竟应该怎样着手学习，又该注意些什么呢？
掌握现在分词的用法，首先从它在句子里所起的作用着手，也就是它在句子中所作的成分，它可以作表语、补语、定语和状语。现在分词主要表示主动、正在进行的动作。现在，我们主要研究现在分词作状语的用法。
作状语时现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，并且它与主语表主动关系。
Hearing a cry for help,he rushed out without delay.此句相当于：When he heard a cry for help,he rushed out without delay.
现在分词作状语，应注意以下几个方面：
1. 现在分词与谓语动词的时间关系
①如果它所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，现在分词就用一般式。如：The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a long speech for the president.
②如果它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，现在分词就用完成式。如：
Having finished his homework，the boy went to play football.
2. 现在分词与主语的关系
现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致；如果不一致，现在分词就用自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。如：
①Looking out of the window，we could see lots of trees.
②Time permitting, we will go outing tomorrow.
3. 现在分词作状语时，前面可用从属连词when、while、once等，如：
When talking to you，I always feel happy.
4. 现在分词短语作状语时，与主语之间不能用并列连词or、and、but等，因为并列连词连接的是两个并列的相同成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词与主语之间可用逗号,但不能用句号。如：
误：Having been told many times，but he still could not understand it.
5. 当现在分词作原因状语时,现在分词被动一般式可以和过去分词互换,但单独使用过去分词的为多。如:
Written （Being written）very well，the novel sells well.
6. 如作方式或伴随状语时，并且和逻辑主语表被动，习惯上不用现在分词的被动一般式。如：
Many parents were walking about the zoo，followed by their children.通常不用…,being followed …
7. 作时间状语时，如表被动并已完成，现在分词的被动完成式可以和过去分词换用。如：
Read many times (=Having been read many times), the story seems much easier.
8. 否定词not 多与现在分词连用作状语。如：
Not being included，I have to find another chance.
9. 有些约定俗成的现在分词短语作状语，尽管它们与句子的主语不一致，也被认为是正确的,这种分词短语作状语解释整个句子。这种短语只有靠同学们在平时的学习中多多积累记忆。如：
①Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
②Considering the weather，the sports meeting will be put off.
③Judging from her accent，she must come from America.
当然，在学现在分词时，同学们还可以和过去分词的用法进行对比、比较，也可以和动名词以及不定式的用法进行对比、比较。只有这样，我们才能真正掌握它们的用法。
【摘要】现在分词;掌握
Concerning the present participle adverbial
Zhou Rong
【Abstract】The verb is the high school stage must master the grammar, it is both key and difficult points. Among them the present participle usage most students have a headache. Schoolmates actually should learn how to go about, and this note what?
【Key words】the present participle; master
非谓语动词是高中阶段必须掌握的语法，它既是重点，又是难点。其中现在分词的用法最让同学们头疼。同学们究竟应该怎样着手学习，又该注意些什么呢？
掌握现在分词的用法，首先从它在句子里所起的作用着手，也就是它在句子中所作的成分，它可以作表语、补语、定语和状语。现在分词主要表示主动、正在进行的动作。现在，我们主要研究现在分词作状语的用法。
作状语时现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，并且它与主语表主动关系。
Hearing a cry for help,he rushed out without delay.此句相当于：When he heard a cry for help,he rushed out without delay.
现在分词作状语，应注意以下几个方面：
1. 现在分词与谓语动词的时间关系
①如果它所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，现在分词就用一般式。如：The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a long speech for the president.
②如果它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，现在分词就用完成式。如：
Having finished his homework，the boy went to play football.
2. 现在分词与主语的关系
现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致；如果不一致，现在分词就用自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。如：
①Looking out of the window，we could see lots of trees.
②Time permitting, we will go outing tomorrow.
3. 现在分词作状语时，前面可用从属连词when、while、once等，如：
When talking to you，I always feel happy.
4. 现在分词短语作状语时，与主语之间不能用并列连词or、and、but等，因为并列连词连接的是两个并列的相同成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词与主语之间可用逗号,但不能用句号。如：
误：Having been told many times，but he still could not understand it.
5. 当现在分词作原因状语时,现在分词被动一般式可以和过去分词互换,但单独使用过去分词的为多。如:
Written （Being written）very well，the novel sells well.
6. 如作方式或伴随状语时，并且和逻辑主语表被动，习惯上不用现在分词的被动一般式。如：
Many parents were walking about the zoo，followed by their children.通常不用…,being followed …
7. 作时间状语时，如表被动并已完成，现在分词的被动完成式可以和过去分词换用。如：
Read many times (=Having been read many times), the story seems much easier.
8. 否定词not 多与现在分词连用作状语。如：
Not being included，I have to find another chance.
9. 有些约定俗成的现在分词短语作状语，尽管它们与句子的主语不一致，也被认为是正确的,这种分词短语作状语解释整个句子。这种短语只有靠同学们在平时的学习中多多积累记忆。如：
①Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
②Considering the weather，the sports meeting will be put off.
③Judging from her accent，she must come from America.
当然，在学现在分词时，同学们还可以和过去分词的用法进行对比、比较，也可以和动名词以及不定式的用法进行对比、比较。只有这样，我们才能真正掌握它们的用法。