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英语是一门语言学科,重要的是词汇量的积累和句法结构的熟练运用。词汇量需要日积月累,而句法结构则要活学活用。在十几年的英语教学过程中,我经常帮助学生分析难以理解的句子,逐渐了解了学生们的困惑所在。我不断地探索、研究,归纳总结了一套浅显易懂的活用句法结构、化难为易的解题方法。
一、 调整语序解题法
语序一直是学生们学英语的一大难题,了解英语的语序是学好英语的关键。有很多难句也正好是从语序的角度增难的。如果我们把增难的语句调整语序,变为我们熟知的陈述句语序,即主语在前、谓语在后的语序,此类难题便迎刃而解了。
1.疑问句式(增难方式:使用问句)
将问句的语序转化成陈述句语序。
Who would you rather have ______ with you?
A. go B. to go C. gone D. going
转化为:You would rather have who ______ with you.
答案:A。
2.感叹句式(增难方式: 使用感叹句)
感叹句也是陈述句型,只需要把what后的名词部分或how后的形容词或副词往后移至句中,即解决了难句的问题。
What great difficulty we had ______ her!
A. persuadeB. to persuade
C. persuadingD. persuaded
转化为:We had great difficulty______ her.
答案:C。
3.主从复合句句式(增难方式: 使用主从复合句)
所有从句的语序都是陈述句语序,但是从句的引导词可能不只一个词,引导词可能是一部分词,我称之为引导词部分,所以只要把引导词部分中的名词、形容词或副词后移转换为我们熟悉的陈述句,就解决了这一难题。
①名词性从句
Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others ______sounds bats in the dark made.
A. that frighteningB. which frightening
C. what frighteningD. how frightening
转化为:Those... knew better than the others bats in the dark made what frightening sounds.
答案:C。
②as引导的让步状语从句:as 引导的让步状语从句是把名词、形容词、副词等提到了as前引起的倒装现象,所以把这部分词后移,使之还原成为容易理解的陈述句式。
Brave child as he is, he is afraid of snakes.
转化为:Although he is a brave child, he is afraid of snakes.
③whatever, however引导的让步状语从句:这类句子和感叹句的语序相同,所以就很容易理解了。
Whatever great progress he makes, he is never proud.
转化为:He makes great progress...
④The more... the more...这类句子和感叹句的语序也是相同的。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
转化为:You work harder. You will make greater progress.
4.倒装句型(增难方式: 使用倒装句)
倒装句的语序为倒装句的提示词部分加主谓颠倒的语序,所以除了把提示词部分后移外,再把语序颠倒过来,句子就容易懂了。
On the grass______ two sheep.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid
转化为:Two sheep ______ on the grass.
答案:B。
5.含定语的句子(增难方式:使用定语)
定语修饰名词,名词在定语中又作主语或宾语。所以当我们遇到含定语的句子不易理解时,把定语修饰的名词后移到定语中动词前或动词后就好理解了,一定要注意名词在定语中作动词宾语还是作介词宾语。
The second is connected with the use the body ______food.
A. makes ofB. makes up of
C. makes from D. makes into
转化为:The second is connected with the use. The body makes use ______ food. 此处use 是名词,用作make 的宾语,food 是of的宾语。
答案:A。
二、删除it is 和that,简化强调句解题法(增难方式: 使用强调句型)
强调句就是把强调部分提前到it is... that 之间,没有额外补充任何成分,也没有去除任何成分。解题时如果我们把it is和 that 去掉,所剩部分正好可以组成一个完整的句子。由此看来,理解强调句需要把强调部分还原到原句中。
It was ______ the old bike that the old man spent the whole evening at home.
A. repairing B. to repairC. repairD. repaired
转化为:The old man spent the whole evening ______ the old bike at home.
答案:A。
三、跳越逗号、破折号解题法(增难方式:使用标点符号)
很多句子难在主语和谓语间加了逗号或破折号,所以跳越过逗号或破折号,句子就简单了。
Jack London,______ life had once been very hard, was successful later.
A. who B. whom C. forwhom D. his
转化为:Jack London was successful later. For Jack London life had once been very hard.
答案:C。
四、补充省略句解题法(增难方式:使用省略句)
The girl is very shy and never speaks until ______ to.
A. spokenB. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
主句主语和从句主语一致时,可以省略从句主语及其后be动词。所以添加从句主语、补充谓语是解题的妙计。转化为: The girl is very shy and never speaks until she is ______ to.
答案:A。
五、被动句转化为主动句解题法(增难方式:使用被动句)
同样,对于我们来说主动句与被动句相比较,主动句比较容易。平时学习中绝大多数短语都以主动形式出现,在初中我们也是先熟悉了主动语态之后,才逐渐接触被动语态,如果我们把生疏的变成熟悉的,就大大缩小了解题难度。
The important news had been heard ______ on the radio many times today.
A. broadcastingB. broadcasted
C. to broadcast D. being broadcasted
把这个句子还原,得到的主动结构为:hear the important news ______.
我们学的短语是broadcast the important news,所以答案已经很明了了。
答案:B。
一、 调整语序解题法
语序一直是学生们学英语的一大难题,了解英语的语序是学好英语的关键。有很多难句也正好是从语序的角度增难的。如果我们把增难的语句调整语序,变为我们熟知的陈述句语序,即主语在前、谓语在后的语序,此类难题便迎刃而解了。
1.疑问句式(增难方式:使用问句)
将问句的语序转化成陈述句语序。
Who would you rather have ______ with you?
A. go B. to go C. gone D. going
转化为:You would rather have who ______ with you.
答案:A。
2.感叹句式(增难方式: 使用感叹句)
感叹句也是陈述句型,只需要把what后的名词部分或how后的形容词或副词往后移至句中,即解决了难句的问题。
What great difficulty we had ______ her!
A. persuadeB. to persuade
C. persuadingD. persuaded
转化为:We had great difficulty______ her.
答案:C。
3.主从复合句句式(增难方式: 使用主从复合句)
所有从句的语序都是陈述句语序,但是从句的引导词可能不只一个词,引导词可能是一部分词,我称之为引导词部分,所以只要把引导词部分中的名词、形容词或副词后移转换为我们熟悉的陈述句,就解决了这一难题。
①名词性从句
Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others ______sounds bats in the dark made.
A. that frighteningB. which frightening
C. what frighteningD. how frightening
转化为:Those... knew better than the others bats in the dark made what frightening sounds.
答案:C。
②as引导的让步状语从句:as 引导的让步状语从句是把名词、形容词、副词等提到了as前引起的倒装现象,所以把这部分词后移,使之还原成为容易理解的陈述句式。
Brave child as he is, he is afraid of snakes.
转化为:Although he is a brave child, he is afraid of snakes.
③whatever, however引导的让步状语从句:这类句子和感叹句的语序相同,所以就很容易理解了。
Whatever great progress he makes, he is never proud.
转化为:He makes great progress...
④The more... the more...这类句子和感叹句的语序也是相同的。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
转化为:You work harder. You will make greater progress.
4.倒装句型(增难方式: 使用倒装句)
倒装句的语序为倒装句的提示词部分加主谓颠倒的语序,所以除了把提示词部分后移外,再把语序颠倒过来,句子就容易懂了。
On the grass______ two sheep.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid
转化为:Two sheep ______ on the grass.
答案:B。
5.含定语的句子(增难方式:使用定语)
定语修饰名词,名词在定语中又作主语或宾语。所以当我们遇到含定语的句子不易理解时,把定语修饰的名词后移到定语中动词前或动词后就好理解了,一定要注意名词在定语中作动词宾语还是作介词宾语。
The second is connected with the use the body ______food.
A. makes ofB. makes up of
C. makes from D. makes into
转化为:The second is connected with the use. The body makes use ______ food. 此处use 是名词,用作make 的宾语,food 是of的宾语。
答案:A。
二、删除it is 和that,简化强调句解题法(增难方式: 使用强调句型)
强调句就是把强调部分提前到it is... that 之间,没有额外补充任何成分,也没有去除任何成分。解题时如果我们把it is和 that 去掉,所剩部分正好可以组成一个完整的句子。由此看来,理解强调句需要把强调部分还原到原句中。
It was ______ the old bike that the old man spent the whole evening at home.
A. repairing B. to repairC. repairD. repaired
转化为:The old man spent the whole evening ______ the old bike at home.
答案:A。
三、跳越逗号、破折号解题法(增难方式:使用标点符号)
很多句子难在主语和谓语间加了逗号或破折号,所以跳越过逗号或破折号,句子就简单了。
Jack London,______ life had once been very hard, was successful later.
A. who B. whom C. forwhom D. his
转化为:Jack London was successful later. For Jack London life had once been very hard.
答案:C。
四、补充省略句解题法(增难方式:使用省略句)
The girl is very shy and never speaks until ______ to.
A. spokenB. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
主句主语和从句主语一致时,可以省略从句主语及其后be动词。所以添加从句主语、补充谓语是解题的妙计。转化为: The girl is very shy and never speaks until she is ______ to.
答案:A。
五、被动句转化为主动句解题法(增难方式:使用被动句)
同样,对于我们来说主动句与被动句相比较,主动句比较容易。平时学习中绝大多数短语都以主动形式出现,在初中我们也是先熟悉了主动语态之后,才逐渐接触被动语态,如果我们把生疏的变成熟悉的,就大大缩小了解题难度。
The important news had been heard ______ on the radio many times today.
A. broadcastingB. broadcasted
C. to broadcast D. being broadcasted
把这个句子还原,得到的主动结构为:hear the important news ______.
我们学的短语是broadcast the important news,所以答案已经很明了了。
答案:B。