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一、概述当前,我国的交通运输仍以铁路为主。在现有的58000km铁路运营线路中,有1600km的运量>3000×10~4t/年,甚至有的区段竟高达10000×10~4t/年;同时,铁路担负着货运总量的70%,客运总量的60%。另外,我国铁路运营里程虽少于美国、苏联、加拿大、印度,但运营密度却是美国、印度的三倍,日本的1.5倍,仅次于苏联,居世界第二位。为了提高运输能力,货车载重量已从50年代的32t/车增加到51t/车;机车牵引力亦从设
I. Overview At present, China’s transportation is still dominated by railways. In the existing 58000km railway line, there are 1600km traffic> 3000 × 10 ~ 4t / year, and some even as high as 10000 × 10 ~ 4t / year; at the same time, the railway is responsible for 70% of the total freight, , 60% of the total passenger volume. In addition, although China’s railway mileage is less than that of the United States, the Soviet Union, Canada and India, its operating density is three times that of the United States and India and 1.5 times that of Japan, second only to the Soviet Union, ranking second in the world. In order to improve transport capacity, truckloads have increased from 32t / car in the 1950s to 51t / car; locomotive traction also set