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Background: Little is known how the interaction of the APO C3 rs5128 and dietary carbohydrates affects lipid homeostasis in adolescents.Methods: This study was comprised of a dietary survey and a dietary intervention.In the dietary survey study, 723 students (16.86±0.58 years) from a boarding high school were enrolled and classified into the non-high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet group (<55% of energy from carbohydrate) and the high-CHO diet group (≥55% of energy from carbohydrate) according to the dietary data collected by a 3-day record questionnaire.