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Attention deficit & hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was a common neurobehavioral disease defined by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.Its prevalence in the school-aged children could reach up to 3-10 %, making it one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.In China, ADHD has become a severe impairment detrimental for children health as well as educational and social development.Of note, approximately 65 % of ADHD children could have their syndromes persisted into adulthood, resulting in a 4 % of infected population.The etiology of ADHD was not only ascribed to heritable factors involved in dopaminergic systems, but also the environmental influences at early life during individual development.