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The zygotic genome of animal embryos is transcriptionally inactive upon fertilization,and becomes active after a certain period of development.As transcription can be controlled by the presence of 5-methylcytosines (5mC) in DNA,the global DNA methylation level in an embryo may play a role in the zygotic genome activation (ZGA).In mammals,the paternal genome is rapidly demethylated immediately after fertilization through 5mC hydroxymethylation,resulting in a decrease of the global DNA methylation level of the zygote genome.