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The rhizobia infection to the legume is a multifaceted developmental process that is driven by the bacteria but is ultimately under the control of the host.To further understanding the molecular and cellular events leading to initiate infection thread and invade developing nodule formation, we are using genetic screening in L.japonicas to identify the plant components required for infection threads initiation, progression and rhizobia invasion.One of this kind mutant, itd4 (infection-thread deficient 4) was isolated, of which most infection events were blocked in infection pockets.Mapping-based cloning results suggested ITD4 encoding a new plant component required for infection-thread formation.Moreover, ITD4 was induced by rhizobia infection and expressed in infected root hairs and nodule infection zone.The biological function of ITD4 remains to be solved.