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RNA helicases and chaperones are the two major classes of RNA remodeling proteins,which function to remodel RNA structures and/or RNA-protein interactions,and are required for all aspects of RNA metabolism.For viruses,although some virus-encoded RNA helicases/chaperones have been predicted or identified,their RNA remodeling activities in vitro and functions in viral life cycle largely remain elusive.Enteroviruses are a large group of positive-stranded RNA viruses in the Picornaviridae family,which include numerous important human pathogens.