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Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic neurotropic zoonotic paramyxovirus of Henipavirus genus that causes human outbreaks annually in South-East Asia.Although Henipavirus outbreaks remain sporadic until now and seem to affect only small areas,NiV may have a global pandemic potential and is an agent of particular concem in the field of human and agricultural biodefense.Immuno-pathogenesis of this recently emerged virus is still poorly understood.