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Ischemic insult stimulates proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone(SVZ)of adult brain,but only a fraction of SVZ-derived neuroblasts migrate toward damaged brain region.We have previously shown that direct-current stimulation guides and facilitates migration of cultured embryonic neuroblasts toward the cathode.To test the effect of direct-current stimulation on adult neural stem cells in vivo,we applied bilateral transcranial directcurrent stimulation(b-tDCS)in a rat model of focal ischemic stroke.With cathodal electrode placed on the ischemic hemisphere and anodal electrode on the contralateral hemisphere,low-intensity btDCS for 2-6 weeks increased the neurogenesis in SVZ and promoted migration of SVZ-derived neuroblasts toward the cathode direction into post-stroke striatum.Reversing the electrode placement abolished the effect of b-tDCS.The application of b-tDCS protected against neuronal death in the damaged brain region and improved neurobehavioral outcome in stroke animals.Inhibition of SVZ neurogenesis attenuated b-tDCS-induced neuroprotection.Thus,promotion of endogenous neuroblast migration by non-invasive b-tDCS from SVZ to damaged striatum provides a practical approach toward a new cell-based therapy in ischemic stroke.