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【目的】探讨不同国家(或地区和组织)间粳稻选育品种的遗传相似性和遗传差异,旨在为世界各地的粳稻品种能够有效利用于水稻育种提供科学依据。【方法】利用34对SSR引物对不同地理来源包括20个国家(或地区和组织)的313份粳稻选育品种进行遗传相似性和聚类分析。【结果】共检测到198个等位基因,平均每对SSR引物检测到的等位基因数为5.8235个。RM320、RM531、RM1、RM21和RM336的等位基因数较多,分别为16、13、12、10和10个;RM320、RM336、RM286、RM531和RM21的遗传多样性指数较高,分别为2.3668、2.0041、1.9684、1.9508和1.7203。各国家(或地区和组织)粳稻选育品种的遗传相似系数变异范围为0.279～0.918,平均值为0.653。纬度和地理位置相近的国家间粳稻品种的遗传相似系数较大,基本聚为同一个类群,而纬度差异较大,地理位置较远的国家间粳稻品种的遗传相似系数较小,聚为不同类群。【结论】粳稻品种的遗传相似性与纬度和地理位置有着密切的联系。
【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic similarity and genetic difference of japonica rice varieties in different countries (or regions and organizations) in order to provide a scientific basis for the effective utilization of japonica rice varieties in rice breeding in the world. 【Method】 The genetic similarity and cluster analysis of 313 japonica rice varieties from different geographical origins, including 20 countries (or regions and organizations) were conducted using 34 pairs of SSR primers. 【Result】 A total of 198 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles detected per SSR primer was 5.8235. The alleles of RM320, RM531, RM1, RM21 and RM336 were 16,13,12,10 and 10, respectively. The genetic diversity indices of RM320, RM336, RM286, RM531 and RM21 were higher, which were 2.3668 , 2.0041, 1.9684, 1.9508 and 1.7203. The genetic similarity coefficients of japonica rice varieties in all countries (or regions and organizations) varied from 0.279 to 0.918 with an average of 0.653. The genetic similarities of japonica rice varieties between countries with similar latitudes and geographical locations were larger and clustered into the same group, while the genetic similarity coefficients of japonica rice varieties among countries with larger latitudes and geographically distant countries were smaller and clustered into different groups . 【Conclusion】 The genetic similarity of japonica rice is closely related to latitude and geographical location.