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在计划经济时代,煤炭和电力都只作为产业链条上的一个环节而存在,其生产、销售国家全包。煤矿采出煤,往火车上一放,就算完成任务,至于卖给谁、卖多少钱,都由国家定。电厂用煤也都由国家计划保证,不必为煤价绞尽脑汁。如果煤矿亏损,国家还把发电赚的钱拿来补贴煤矿。双方基本没有什么冲突。从1993年电煤实行指导价,其它煤价放开。而电价还是由政府来管制,从此,煤电价格开始实行双轨制,煤电纷争也由此而起。每年国家发改委都要主持一次煤炭订货会,供煤电双方商定来年的电煤合同价,并约定发电企业全年用煤中一定比例由煤炭企业按合同价供应,其余部分则由发电企业到市场上去购买。但在今年的煤炭产运需衔接会上,因为煤企要求电煤大涨价而电企不能与之达成共识,8天的衔接会弄的大家不欢而散。细究起来问题在价格上。因电价没放开,电煤价格和供应仍由国家下计划,这使得目前电煤存在两种格局——计划价和市场价。
In the era of planned economy, both coal and electricity exist only as a link in the industrial chain, and their production and sales are all-inclusive. Coal mining coal, put on the train, even if the task is completed, as to whom to sell, how much to sell, by the state set. Power plant coal is also guaranteed by the state plan, do not have to rack one’s brains for coal prices. If the mine losses, the state also used to generate electricity to subsidize coal mines. There is basically no conflict between the two sides. From 1993, coal price guidance, other coal prices liberalization. The price of electricity is still controlled by the government. Since then, the price of coal has started to double-track and the coal-electricity dispute has taken the lead. Each year, the National Development and Reform Commission will host a coal ordering meeting for both coal and electricity to agree on the coal contract price for the coming year. It also stipulates that a certain percentage of annual coal use by power generation companies should be supplied by coal enterprises at the contract price and the rest from power generation enterprises to the market Go up to buy. However, this year’s coal production and transportation needs convergence meeting, because coal prices require electricity prices and electricity companies can not reach a consensus, 8 days of convergence will make everyone broke up. Fine study the problem in terms of price. Because electricity prices have not been released, coal prices and supply are still under the state plan, which makes the current existence of two patterns coal electricity - the planned price and market price.