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鉴于当前实验条件,无法直接观测岩体内部的变形演变过程,难以满足对岩体内部全域的变形时间效应与空间特征分析的要求,以透明岩体实验新技术为出发点,对模型隧道周边围岩的内部变形过程进行全程二维数字照相量测,得到深部隧道围岩内部变形的时空演化规律。研究发现:隧道顶部、帮部及底部的岩体径向位移都大致与隧道埋深呈指数衰减关系;隧道拱顶、拱底、左腰和右腰处岩体的径向位移都与顶部荷载呈指数递增关系;随着顶部荷载的增加,隧道顶板岩体最终将沿着两侧拱腰斜方向一定范围内两条弧线而向隧道内发生整体性剪切滑动,导致隧道失稳破坏。研究结果揭示了深部隧道围岩变形破裂时空演化机理,为深部隧道事故防治提供了依据。
In view of the current experimental conditions, it is impossible to directly observe the deformation process inside the rock mass and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the deformation time effect and the spatial feature analysis of the whole rock mass. Based on the new experimental technique of transparent rock mass, The internal deformation process of the entire two-dimensional digital photogrammetric measurements to obtain deep tunnel surrounding rock deformation of the temporal and spatial evolution. The results show that the radial displacements of the rock mass at the top, the top and the bottom of the tunnel are roughly exponentially decayed with the depth of the tunnel. The radial displacements of the rock mass at the tunnel dome, the arch bottom, the left waist and the right waist are similar to those of the top load With the increase of the top load, the rock mass of the tunnel roof will eventually shear and slide integrally into the tunnel along two arcs within a certain range in the diagonal direction of the arch waist, resulting in the instability of the tunnel. The research results reveal the temporal and spatial evolution mechanism of surrounding rock deformation and rupture in deep tunnels and provide basis for prevention and control of deep tunnel accidents.