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近年来,看图作文的训练设计,大都着眼于带有故事情节的记叙文的观察和想象训练,或者富有哲理性的论说文的辩证与推理训练。这当然是很有必要的。但从培养学生日后实际工作能力出发,仅此是不够的。在日常的生产、工作或学习中,看图作(说)说明文的场合也是很多的。例如,车间的技术员需要用一张产品质量分析图表,向前来参观的同志讲述本厂生产蒸蒸日上的大好形势;工厂安全员要用一份安全报表说明本月安全生产的概况和问题;一个富有经验的工程师往往只根据图纸、表格和数据,就能够对某项设计进行详尽的说明或提出合理化的改进方案……等等。这些都要求当事人必须具备审视图表,分析数字,进行说明的能力。而这种能力的培养,也是中学作文教学理应担负的任务之一。这里,我们刊登了在工业学校从事语文教学三十年的黄占鳌同志设计的一份看图表作说明文的题例,以期引起广大教师对这一训练形式与内容的注意,为进一步培养中学生的多方面的说明能力做更深入的探讨。
In recent years, most of the training and design of visual composition have focused on the observation and imagination training of narratives with storylines, or the dialectical and reasoning training of philosophical essays. This is of course very necessary. However, starting from the actual ability to train students in the future, this alone is not enough. In daily production, work, or study, there are many occasions to look at pictures and explain things. For example, the technicians in the workshop need to use a product quality analysis chart, and the comrades who came and go on the tour will tell us about the excellent situation in which the factory’s production is booming. The factory safety staff will use a safety report to explain the general situation and problems of safe production this month; Experienced engineers are often able to elaborate on a design or propose a rational improvement plan based on drawings, tables, and data....etc. All of these require that the parties must have the ability to review the figures, analyze the figures, and explain. The cultivation of this ability is also one of the tasks that middle school composition teaching should shoulder. Here, we have published an example of a graphic illustrating text designed by Comrade Huang Zhanqi, who has been engaged in Chinese language teaching for thirty years in industrial schools, in order to arouse the attention of teachers on this form and content of training, in order to further cultivate various aspects of secondary school students. The ability to explain in more depth.