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东北是我国春大豆的主要生态区,牡丹江位于黑龙江省东南部,属第2亚区。本研究于2012-2014年间,以搜集到的东北地区各单位现存的361份大豆育成品种和地方品种作为东北现存的本地种质,观察该群体在牡丹江地区的表现,研究其在牡丹江的潜在育种意义。主要结果如下:1)东北大豆种质群体平均表现为全生育期分布在101~147 d(平均为124 d)、蛋白质含量范围为35.36%~45.36%(平均为39.69%)、油脂含量范围为18.93%~23.78%(平均为21.96%)、蛋脂总量范围57.74%~66.67%(平均值61.82%)、百粒重范围在8.49~29.43 g(平均值19.91 g)、株高36.6~115.3 cm(平均值82 cm)、主茎11.2~20.4节(平均为16节)、分枝为0~4.8个(平均2.8)、倒伏在1.2~3.6(平均2级左右)。2)当地适合熟期组为MG 0和MG I,各性状的平均值与群体平均值相近,其他熟期组在当地的表现与之不同。MG 000和MG 00的生育天数集中在106~113 d,比当地无霜期早10~20 d,不能充分利用当地的自然条件;而品质性状表现则略优于MG 0/MGⅠ,特别是蛋白质含量和蛋脂总量分别高约1.62%、1.59%;株高、节数均低于MG 0/MG I,分别低10~30 cm、2~4节。MGⅡ的生育天数高达136 d,不能稳定成熟;品质性状表现低于当地品种水平,特别是油脂含量、蛋脂总量分别低约1.5%、2%;而株高、节数高于当地品种,分别高约10 cm、1~2节,倒伏程度则高达3级。MG III在牡丹江不能正常成熟,导致其他性状表达不正常,生长量和倒伏度增加。3)本群体中包含第二亚区育成217个品种,查到系谱资料的208个,这208个品种共涉及169个祖先亲本,其中黑龙江来源有77份、吉林省48份、辽宁省8份、国外来源26份,其他来源10份。衍生品种最多的前10个祖先亲本主要来源于吉林,对该亚区品种的贡献率约48.9%;衍生品种数在11~20间主要来源于黑龙江,前20个祖先亲本对该亚区品种的贡献率约62.4%。4)根据各农艺品质性状在牡丹江表现的遗传进度估计,虽然油脂和蛋白质含量相对小些,但均有一定的改良潜力。根据当地品种的表现,从供试的东北资源中提出了各农艺、品质性状改良可用的亲本品种名单,供育种工作者参考。
Northeast China is the main ecological zone of spring soybean, Mudanjiang is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, is the second sub-region. In this study, 361 soybean cultivars and landraces collected from Northeast China collected in 2012-2014 were used as the indigenous germplasm in Northeast China. The population performance in Mudanjiang area was observed and the potential breeding in Mudanjiang significance. The main results were as follows: 1) The average population of soybean germplasm in Northeast China was in the range of 101-147 d (average 124 days), the protein content ranged from 35.36% to 45.36% (average 39.69%), 18.93% ~ 23.78% (average 21.96%), total fat content ranged from 57.74% to 66.67% (average value 61.82%), and the grain weight ranged from 8.49 to 29.43 g (average 19.91 g) cm with an average of 82 cm. The main stems ranged from 11.2 to 20.4 nodes with an average of 16 nodes. Branches ranged from 0 to 4.8 with an average of 2.8 and lows varied from 1.2 to 3.6 with an average of about 2 levels. 2) The local suitable maturity group is MG 0 and MG I, the average of each trait is similar to the population average, and the performance of other maturity groups is different locally. The days of fertility of MG 000 and MG 00 concentrated between 106 and 113 days, which were 10 to 20 days earlier than the local frost-free period and could not make full use of local natural conditions. However, the quality traits were slightly better than that of MG 0 / MGⅠ, especially the protein content and The total amount of eggs was about 1.62% and 1.59% higher than that of MG 0 / MG I, which was 10-30 cm and 2-4 respectively. The days of fertility of MGⅡ were as high as 136 days and could not be stably matured. The performance of quality traits was lower than that of the local varieties, especially the oil content and total amount of egg-yolk were lower by 1.5% and 2%, respectively. Respectively, about 10 cm high, 1 to 2 sections, the degree of lodging is up to 3 levels. MG III can not normally mature in Mudanjiang River, resulting in abnormal expression of other traits and increased growth and lodging. 3) In this population, there are 217 cultivars in the second subregion and 208 pedigree data were found. Among these 208 cultivars, 169 ancestral parents were involved, including 77 from Heilongjiang, 48 from Jilin and 8 from Liaoning 26 foreign sources and 10 other sources. The first 10 ancestral parents with the most derivative species were mainly from Jilin, with a contribution rate of 48.9% to this sub-region species. Derivatives ranged from 11 to 20 mainly from Heilongjiang. The first 20 ancestral parents The contribution rate is about 62.4%. 4) According to the genetic progress of each agronomic quality trait estimated in Mudanjiang, although the content of fat and protein is relatively small, they all have some potential for improvement. According to the performance of local breeds, a list of the parent breeds that can be used for improving agronomic and quality traits is proposed from the northeast resources tested for breeding reference.