【摘 要】
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Dear Editor,Tumors evade immune surveillances,in part via negative regulatory pathways (also called checkpoints) that also regulate immune tolerance to autoimmu
【机 构】
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Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Medical Research Building, Bei
论文部分内容阅读
Dear Editor,Tumors evade immune surveillances,in part via negative regulatory pathways (also called checkpoints) that also regulate immune tolerance to autoimmunity (Thommen et al.,2018).Checkpoint inhibitor therapy,i.e.,anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1,has been approved to be an effective therapeutic approach in a variety of cancers (Mariathasan et al.,2018).However,only a subset of cancer patients shows durable responses (Callahan et al.,2016),urging for a broader investigation beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4.Renal cell carcinoma (RCC),the most common kidney cancer,wasoften considered as an immunogenic tumor based on highlevels of T cell infiltration (Finke et al.,1992).However,the infiltrating T cells in RCC were reported to be characterized by a low amount of expanded T cell clonotypes (Sittig et al.,2013).Unexpectedly,the objective response rates to antiPD-1 antibody were 18％-31％ in PD-L1+ RCC patients vs.9％-18％ in PD-L1-patients (Motzer et al.,2015;McDermott et al.,2016).Thus,there is an urgent need for investigation on immune evasion mechanisms in RCC,especially PD-1-independent ones.
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