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为了探讨地膜覆盖在小麦生产上的应用,近两年,我们进行了冬小麦和春小麦早春短期地膜覆盖试验。试验证明,麦田覆盖地膜后,5厘米深地温一般能提高2～3℃,春麦可提早10天左右播种;冬麦田表层土壤含水量增加0.85～5.63％,春麦田增加0.53～3.85％;出苗率提高8.0～19.2％。麦田覆盖地膜以后,改善了土壤理化性状,有利于有机养分的分解,为小麦生长发育提供较充足的养分,促进小麦前期发育。因此,冬麦返青期比不覆盖的提早5～13天,成熟期提早2～4天;春麦出苗期比不覆盖的提早8～14天,抽穗期和成熟期分别提早3～6天和2～5天;保苗率和成穗数提高,从而增加产量。
In order to investigate the application of mulching in wheat production, in the recent two years, we conducted the short-term plastic film mulching test of winter wheat and spring wheat in early spring. The results showed that after the plastic film was covered in wheat field, the temperature at 5 cm depth could be increased by 2 ~ 3 ℃ in general and the spring wheat could be planted about 10 days earlier. The surface soil water content increased by 0.85 ~ 5.63% in winter wheat field and 0.53 ~ 3.85% in spring wheat field. Increase 8.0 ~ 19.2%. After the wheat field covers the plastic film, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the decomposition of the organic nutrient is beneficial, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth and development of the wheat, and wheat development is promoted. Therefore, the returning stage of winter wheat was 5 ~ 13 days earlier than the uncovered stage, and the maturity stage was 2 ~ 4 days earlier. The spring wheat emergence stage was 8 ~ 14 days earlier than the uncovered stage, and the heading and maturity stages were 3 ~ 6 days earlier and 2 ~ 5 days; seedling rate and the number of spikes increased, thereby increasing production.