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目的了解广东省居民脑卒中患病情况及其危险因素。方法运用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取广东省大城市、中小城市、2类农村各3个区(县),1类农村4个县,每个县(区)抽取3个街道(乡)、6个居委,每个居委抽取90户,对抽取户的15岁及以上居民用面对面询问方法获得其个人基本情况,体检获取体重、身高、血压数据,血脂使用统一的方法进行检测。结果共调查15岁及以上居民17857人。脑卒中的粗患病率为789/10万,年龄标化患病率为600/10万。城乡粗患病率分别为1208/10万、416/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男女粗患病率分别为953/10万、655/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不论城乡、性别,脑卒中的患病率随年龄的增加而上升。高血压、脑卒中家族史、超重者、戒酒者、血脂异常者、轻职业性体力活动等人群脑卒中的患病率较高。生存的脑卒中患者平均发病年龄为57岁,8.4%的患者在45岁前发病,80.0%在45～74岁发病。根据分类树分析,脑卒中的主要危险因素为高血压、年龄高、轻职业性体力活动、高胆固醇、居住在城市和低高密度脂蛋白。结论脑卒中是危害广东省居民健康的一种严重疾病,增加体力活动、保持良好的饮食习惯和防治高血压是预防控制脑卒中的主要措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in Guangdong residents. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select three districts (counties) in Guangdong Province, small and medium cities, two types of rural areas and four counties in rural areas of one type. Three counties (districts) , And 6 neighborhood committees. Each neighborhood committee took 90 households and obtained personal information about face-to-face interviews with residents aged 15 and over. Physical examinations were conducted to obtain weight, height and blood pressure data, and blood lipids were tested using a uniform method. Results A total of 17 857 residents aged 15 and above were investigated. The crude prevalence of stroke was 789 / 100,000 and the age-standardized prevalence was 600 / 100,000. Rough prevalence rate of urban and rural areas were 1208/10 million, 416/10 million, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Rough prevalence rate of male and female were 953/100000, 655/100000, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Regardless of urban and rural areas, gender, the prevalence of stroke increased with age. Hypertension, stroke family history, overweight, abstainers, dyslipidemia, light occupational physical activity and other people stroke prevalence higher. The median age of onset of stroke in survivors was 57 years, 8.4% of patients had onset before 45 years and 80.0% were 45 to 74 years old. According to classification tree analysis, the main risk factors for stroke were high blood pressure, high age, light occupational physical activity, high cholesterol, living in the city and low HDL. Conclusion Stroke is a serious disease endangering the health of residents in Guangdong Province. To increase physical activity, maintain good eating habits and prevent and cure hypertension are the main measures to prevent and control stroke.