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现代新闻学非常强调做好采访前的准备工作,记者在采访之前要明确报道思想,了解采访对象,收集新闻背景,拟定采访提纲等等。随着新闻事业的发展,记者分工越来越细,一般性新闻单位都将记者分行业分系统负责新闻报道,以便于熟悉、了解情况,这就为记者提前介入新闻事件创造了客观条件。 所谓提前介入新闻事件,就是在新闻事实发生之前记者就着手做预备性工作。这就要求记者具备预见性意识,这里所说的预见性意识并非空想,而是产生于对丰富材料和信息的占有、分析、综合和推理判断,这也是新闻敏感的具体体现。具体地说,记者可从以下三个方面提前介入新闻事件:
Modern journalism places great emphasis on preparing for the interview. Before the interview, the reporter should clearly report his thoughts, understand the interviewees, collect the news background, draw up the outline of the interview, and so on. With the development of journalism, the division of labor between reporters is getting smaller and smaller. The general news units all take the reporters as sub-branches in charge of news reports in order to familiarize themselves with the situation and create objective conditions for them to intervene in news events in advance. The so-called early intervention in news events means that journalists should start preparatory work before the facts of the news. This requires journalists to have a predictive consciousness. The predictive consciousness here refers not to fantasy but to possession, analysis, synthesis and reasoning of rich materials and information. This is also a concrete manifestation of news-sensitiveness. Specifically, journalists can intervene in news events in advance from the following three aspects: