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1963年4月10日,美国“长尾鲨”号核潜艇,在距马萨诸塞州沿岸350千米处失事,艇上129人无一生还。那么谁是制造这场灾难的元凶呢? 它就是被人们称作“水下魔鬼”的内波! 凡见过海上风暴的人,一定不会忘记那凶猛的波涛、滔天的巨浪,但隐匿在海水内部的狂涛巨浪就鲜为人知了,因为它是看不见的波浪——内波。内波比海面波浪要大得多,一二十米高的内波还不算什么,超过1 00米也不称奇,在菲律宾苏禄海就测到过90米高的内波,在比斯开湾深层水中发现过振幅200米的内波。内波是怎样产生的呢? 我们知道,在海洋表面发生的波浪,它的波动最大值是在海面,并且随深度增加而减小,到达一定的程度就会消失。海面上的波浪,实际上就是出现在空气和海水这两层不同密度的流体分界面上的波动。当海水密度上下分布不均匀时,尤其是在海水出现上轻下重两层,在外力扰动下就会在两层海水的分界面上出现波动现象,于是就产生了内波。
On April 10, 1963, the U.S. “long-tailed shark” nuclear submarine crashed 350 km off the coast of Massachusetts and left 129 on the ship without a survivor. So who is the culprit in making this disaster? It is what people call the “underwater devil” of the inner waves! Those who have seen the storm at sea must not forget that ferocious waves, monstrous waves, but hidden The wild waves inside the sea water are little known because it is an invisible wave - an inner wave. Waves in the waves are much larger than the waves in the sea. Waves of one to twenty meters in height are nothing more than 100 meters, and the waves of 90 meters are measured in the Sulu Sea in the Philippines. Inner waves of 200 meters in amplitude have been found in deep water in open bay. How does an internal wave come about? We know that the wave that occurs on the ocean surface has a maximum fluctuation at sea level and decreases as the depth increases, to a certain extent disappears. Waves on the sea surface actually appear in the two layers of air and sea water at different densities of the fluid interface fluctuations. When the density of seawater is unevenly distributed up and down, especially when the seawater appears light and heavy two layers, under the disturbance of external force, there will be a fluctuation phenomenon at the interface between the two layers of seawater, so that an internal wave will be generated.