论文部分内容阅读
春化和光周期基因决定了小麦对环境条件的适应能力,对小麦的生长发育具有重要的作用,为了明确黑龙江春小麦春化和光周期等位变异的分布,本研究对124份春小麦品种的春化和光周期基因进行了STS标记,结果表明黑龙江春小麦春化基因显性等位变异Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1的分布频率分别为93.55%,52.42%和55.65%,没有检测到显性等位变异Vrn-B3;光周期等位变异Ppd-D1a和PpdD1b的分布频率分别为39.52%和60.48%。为了研究春化和光周期等位变异对农艺性状的影响,将黑龙江省春小麦春化基因组合主要分为4种类型:Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1,Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+VrnD1,Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+vrn-D1和Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1。4种春化基因组合对小麦的株高和分蘖有显著影响,其中,携带Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1的小麦株高最低(94.98cm),而分蘖最多(6.01)。光周期基因对株高和各个生长发育时期有显著影响。光钝(携带Ppd-D1a)比光敏(携带Ppd-D1b)小麦的株高低8.88cm,三叶期,拔节期和抽穗期等提前1~2d。因此,本研究认为春化和光周期基因对小麦的株高,分蘖及生长发育时期有显著影响,携带Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a小麦的株高低,分蘖多,适应性广,可能是比较理想的春化和光周期基因组合形式。
Vernalization and photoperiod genes determine the ability of wheat to adapt to environmental conditions and play an important role in the growth and development of wheat. In order to determine the distribution of spring wheat and photoperiod alleles in spring wheat in Heilongjiang Province, The results showed that the distribution frequency of dominant alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 of vernalization genes were 93.55%, 52.42% and 55.65%, respectively. The dominant frequency Vrn-B3. The distribution frequency of photoperiodic Ppd-D1a and PpdD1b was 39.52% and 60.48% respectively. In order to study the effects of vernalization and photoperiod alleles on agronomic traits, we divided the vernalization genes of spring wheat in Heilongjiang Province into four types: Vrn-A1a + Vrn-B1 + Vrn-D1, Vrn-A1a + Vrn-B1 + VrnD1, Vrn-A1a + Vrn-B1 + vrn-D1 and Vrn-A1a + Vrn-B1 + Vrn-D1 had significant effects on plant height and tillering of wheat, The plant height of Vrn-B1 + Vrn-D1 was the lowest (94.98cm) and the tiller was the highest (6.01). The photoperiod genes have a significant effect on plant height and growth and development. The plant height was 8.88 cm lower than that of the light-sensitive (Ppd-D1b carrying) Ppd-D1a plants, while the three-leaf stage, the jointing stage and the heading stage were 1 to 2 days earlier. Therefore, in the present study, vernalization and photoperiod genes had significant effects on the plant height, tillering and developmental stages of wheat. The plants carrying Vrn-A1a + Vrn-B1 + Vrn-D1 + Ppd- Broad-based, may be the ideal combination of vernalization and photoperiod.