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目的研究拇指腕掌关节背桡韧带及前斜韧带的解剖学及生物力学特点,测量其弹性模量及延伸率,为伤病时韧带修复提供参考。方法解剖成人男性尸体40例新鲜手标本,制做成大多角骨-韧带-第1掌骨标本,20例保留背桡韧带,20例保留前斜韧带,在生物力学机上测试,测量和计算背桡韧带及前斜韧带的长、宽、厚、最大载荷、弹性模量、延伸率。结果背桡韧带、前斜韧带的最大载荷分别为(213.5±72.4)、(168.7±35.2)N,弹性模量分别为(17.2±6.7)、(9.3±2.5)MPa,延伸率分别为(116.2±21.3)%、(92.7±22.4)%。背桡韧带的最大载荷、弹性模量及延伸率均大于前斜韧带。结论拇指腕掌关节囊内韧带中,背桡韧带刚度较大,韧性较强,对维持关节稳定性起重要作用。前斜韧带刚度较小,韧性较差,韧带退变时容易损伤。拇指腕掌关节炎应该首选重建前斜韧带,且应选用弹性模量及延伸率接近背桡韧带的材料为佳。
Objective To study the anatomic and biomechanical characteristics of the dorsal radial ligament and anterior oblique ligament of the wrist of the thumb and measure its modulus of elasticity and elongation so as to provide a reference for ligament repair during injury. Methods 40 fresh adult male cadavers were dissected. The specimens were made into a large-size bony - ligament - first metacarpal bone. 20 cases retained the dorsal radial ligament and 20 cases retained the anterior oblique ligament. They were tested on a biomechanical machine to measure and calculate the radius Ligament and anterior oblique ligament length, width, thickness, maximum load, elastic modulus, elongation. Results The maximum load of dorsal radial ligament and anterior oblique ligament were (213.5 ± 72.4) and (168.7 ± 35.2) N, respectively. The elastic modulus were (17.2 ± 6.7) and (9.3 ± 2.5) MPa, ± 21.3)%, (92.7 ± 22.4)%. The maximum load, elastic modulus and elongation of the dorsal radial ligament are greater than the anterior oblique ligament. Conclusion In the ligaments of the intra-articular carapace of the thumb, the stiffness of the dorsal radial ligaments is high and the toughness is strong. It plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the joints. Anterior oblique ligament less rigid, poor toughness, ligament degeneration easily damaged. The thumb wrist arthritis should be preferred reconstruction of anterior oblique ligament, and should use the elastic modulus and elongation close to the material of the dorsal radial ligament better.