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目的：为了解人参农家类型的遗传关系，比较了大马牙、二马牙、长脖、圆膀圆芦和黄果等５个农家类型的种皮纹饰。方法：用扫描电镜拍摄每一类型种子侧面角质纹理及种脐结构。结果：人参种皮纹饰可分两类，一类种皮纹饰呈嚼烂状即像被侵蚀后形成的不规则的小沟和小孔，大马牙和二马牙属于此类；另一类具有一些方向不定的平行短棱，长脖、圆膀圆芦和黄果属此类。２０００倍下观察，长脖种子表皮有紧密而均匀的孔穴，其他类型则少至无。结论：从种皮纹饰来分析，大马牙与二马牙关系较近，长脖、圆膀圆芦和黄果较接近，这种关系符合形态学和农艺学的认识，为农家类型种子鉴别提供了超微结构的依据。
Objective: To understand the genetic relationship of ginseng farms, the five kinds of farmland patterns of Da Ma Ya, Er Ma Ya, Chang Zhu, Yuan Jiao Lu and Huang Guo were compared. Methods: The keratinous texture and umbilical structure of each type of seed were photographed by scanning electron microscope. Results: The pattern of ginseng seed coats can be divided into two types. One type of seed coat pattern is chewed and eroded like irregular small grooves and holes formed after erosion. Damasan and two horse teeth belong to this category; There are parallel ribs with some indefinite directions, such as the long neck, round horned round reed and yellow fruit. Observed at 2000 times, the seeds of the long-necked seeds had tight and even holes in their epidermis, and few to none in other types. Conclusion: From the analysis of seed coat ornamentation, the relationship between Da Ma Ya and Er Ma Yue is closer, and that of Long Neck and Round-necked Yuan Lu and Huang Guo are close. This relationship is consistent with the understanding of morphology and agronomics, and is used for the identification of farm-type seeds. Provides the basis for ultrastructure.