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目的分析某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为预防和控制学校甲型H1N1流感提供参考。方法通过查阅病历和现场流行病学调查,对某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情分布情况、临床表现、发病过程以处理措施进行流行病学分析。结果某高校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情确诊病例32例,其中男、女患者比例为3∶1。疫情暴发时间主要集中在10月16~19日4 d内,确诊病例26例,占总病例数的81.3%;暴发空间主要集中在学院A,发病20人,占总发病人数的62.5%。32例病例中31例无甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种史,1例在接种疫苗后7 d发病;31例临床表现较轻,平均病程5.8 d,1例危重病例,病程49 d。首发病例系外地甲型H1N1流感感染导致,其余31例为继发感染。结论建立学校甲型H1N1流感疫情领导、监测机构,加强密切接触者的隔离与管理,广泛宣传甲型H1N1流感防控知识及疫苗接种是预防学校甲型H1N1流感暴发和控制疫情蔓延的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in a university and provide references for the prevention and control of Influenza A (H1N1) in schools. Methods The epidemiological analysis of outbreaks, clinical manifestation and course of outbreaks of Influenza A (H1N1) in a university was conducted by referring to medical record and field epidemiological investigation. Results Thirty-two cases of outbreaks of Influenza A (H1N1) influenza were found in a university, in which the ratio of male and female patients was 3: 1. The outbreak time mainly concentrated in 4 days from October 16 to 19, 26 cases were diagnosed, accounting for 81.3% of the total number of cases. The outbreak was mainly in College A with 20 cases, accounting for 62.5% of the total cases. Among the 32 cases, 31 cases had no history of influenza A (H1N1) vaccination and 1 case developed at 7 days after vaccination. The clinical manifestations of 31 cases were mild with an average duration of 5.8 days and one case of critical illness with a duration of 49 days. The first case was caused by influenza A (H1N1) infection in the field and the remaining 31 cases were secondary infection. Conclusion It is an effective measure to prevent and control H1N1 flu outbreak in schools and to control the outbreak of epidemic situation by establishing the leadership and monitoring institutions of influenza A (H1N1) in schools and strengthening the isolation and management of close contacts.