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一、1970年以来世界贸易及其活动所经历的动荡在过去25年中,全球性经济动荡此起彼伏,给国际经济和货币体制带来了诸多挑战。在此期间,世界经济中发生了大量困难而又痛苦的经济及金融事件,发生了3次主要经济衰退。第一次衰退是紧随第一次油价上涨而于1974～1975年间出现的。第二次衰退与第二次油价上涨有关,发生于1980～1982年间。70年代通胀剧烈,主要工业化国家需要通过紧缩银根
I. The turmoil experienced by world trade and its activities since 1970 Over the past 25 years, the global economic turmoil has come one after another, posed many challenges to the international economic and monetary system. During this period, a great deal of difficult and painful economic and financial events took place in the world economy. Three major economic downturns took place. The first recession followed the first rise in oil prices in 1974-1975. The second recession was related to the second rise in oil prices, which occurred between 1980 and 1982. Severe inflation in the 1970s led the major industrialized nations to tighten their monetary policy