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病毒感染细胞时,细胞表面一定有病毒的受体。病毒感染宿主的范围首先由受体的特异性决定。如以流感病毒为代表的粘病毒受体是各种细胞表面含唾液酸的糖蛋白。当用神经氨酸酶处理,除去细胞表面的唾液酸后,病毒就不能再感染该细胞。属于人类疱疹病毒群的EB病毒对人B淋巴细胞有亲和性,其受体可能与补体C_3受体是同一受体。已知随病毒受体的特异性增加,受体细胞的特异性也增强。其次,鼠和人由MHC编码的Ⅰ类抗原也表现为A型病毒群的mSeliki Forest virus的受体。脊髓灰质
When the virus infects cells, the cell surface must have a virus receptor. The extent of the virus-infected host is primarily determined by the specificity of the receptor. Myxovirus receptors such as influenza viruses are sialic acid-containing glycoproteins on various cell surfaces. When treated with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid from the cell surface, the virus can no longer infect the cell. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the human herpes virus family, has affinity for human B lymphocytes and its receptor may be the same receptor as the complement C_3 receptor. It is known that as the specificity of the viral receptor increases, the specificity of the recipient cell also increases. Second, murine and human class I antigens encoded by MHC also appear to be receptors for the mSeliki Forest virus of the group A virus. Polio