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目的通过对新疆精河县农村妇女宫颈癌检查的结果进行分析,了解宫颈癌、癌前病变、各种生殖道感染的发病情况,分析其发病各环节因素,探索建立精河县的防治模式和协作机制;提高宫颈癌早诊、早治率,降低死亡率;增强广大农村妇女的自我保健意识,提高她们的健康水平及生存、生活质量。方法对35～59岁精河县农村常住妇女(子宫全切患者除外)开展健康教育及问卷调查、妇科检查、宫颈脱落细胞检查,可疑或阳性者做阴道镜检查,结果依旧可疑或阳性者在阴道镜引导下再做组织病理学检查以进一步确认。结果本项目共检查妇女10 044人,筛岀宫颈癌病人5例,发病率0.50‰;癌前病变(CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)39人,发病率3.8‰;各种生殖道感染5 093人,感染率50.71%;健康教育及问卷调查筛查前知晓率61.0%,筛查后知晓率提高到98.7%。结论精河县农村妇女宫颈癌的发病率与全疆水平持平,35～45岁年龄段呈高发态势,生殖道感染的控制前景不容乐观。癌前病变的检出,大大降低了宫颈癌的致死率,提高了广大农村妇女的生存、生活质量。探索建立精河县宫颈癌的防治模式和协作机制已势在必行。
Objective To analyze the results of cervical cancer screening among rural women in Jinghe County of Xinjiang to understand the incidence of cervical cancer, precancerous lesions and various genital tract infections and to analyze the various factors of their pathogenesis and to explore the establishment of prevention and cure mode and Collaboration mechanism; improve early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, early treatment rate, reduce mortality; enhance the majority of rural women’s self-care awareness and improve their health and living and quality of life. Methods The health education and questionnaire survey, gynecological examinations, cervical exfoliative cells examination, suspicious or positive colposcopy were conducted on 35-59-year-old rural women (except the patients with uterine total resection) who were resident women in Jinghe County. The results were still suspicious or positive Colposcopy guided histopathological examination to further confirm. Results A total of 10 044 women were screened and 5 cases of cervical cancer were screened. The incidence rate was 0.50 ‰. There were 39 premalignant lesions (CINⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) with a prevalence of 3.8 ‰. All kinds of reproductive tract infections were 5 093 , The infection rate was 50.71%. Before health screening and questionnaire screening, the awareness rate was 61.0%, and the awareness rate after screening increased to 98.7%. Conclusion The incidence of cervical cancer in rural women in Jinghe County is the same as that in Xinjiang. The incidence of cervical cancer in 35-45 age group is high. The control prospect of genital tract infection is not optimistic. The detection of precancerous lesions has greatly reduced the death rate of cervical cancer and improved the survival and quality of life of the majority of rural women. To explore the establishment of Jinghe cervical cancer prevention and control mechanisms and collaborative mechanisms is imperative.