论文部分内容阅读
目的:分析钦州市钦南区2005-2014年麻疹流行病学特征和影响因素,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法:对钦州市钦南区麻疹发病及采取的预防控制措施进行描述流行病学分析;结果:钦南区2005-2014年麻疹平均发病率为3.13/10万(191例),未见死亡病例。2005年11月出现暴发疫情并延续至2006年3月,因此年发病率最高,分别为19.62/10万和8.45/10万,2010-2012年没有病例发生;10年来麻疹发病呈现下降趋势,流行曲线与全国和广西相同,除2005年发病率高于全国和广西,2006年平全国及高于广西之外,其余8年均低于全国和广西;全年有明显的发病高峰,11月、12月和1月病例最多,占总数的50.78%,7月出现1个小高峰,受暴发疫情因素的影响,导致与全国和广西不一致;病例以散居儿童和男性为主;接受2剂含麻疹成份疫苗常规免疫的适龄儿童(即8~23月龄)病例只占26.18%,而<8月龄、2~6岁、7~14岁、15~19岁、≥20岁麻疹病例分别占12.04%、34.55%、15.71%、3.14%和8.38%。在2014年全国和广西麻疹出现强势反弹度的情况下,钦南区仅是小幅度回升;结论:钦南区近10年消除麻疹成效显著。扎实做好常规免疫,结合开展麻疹强化免疫活动和应急接种,是消除麻疹可行的策略。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of measles in Qinan District, Qinzhou City from 2005 to 2014 so as to provide basis for eliminating measles. Methods: Epidemiological analysis on the incidence of measles and its prevention and control measures in Qinan District of Qinzhou City was conducted. Results: The average incidence of measles in 2005-2014 in Qinan District was 3.13 / 100 000 (191 cases), and no deaths were found . Outbreaks occurred in November 2005 and continued until March 2006, resulting in the highest annual incidence rates of 19.62 / lakh and 8.45 / lakh respectively, with no cases reported in 2010-2012; the incidence of measles showed a downward trend in 10 years, The curve is the same as that of the whole country and Guangxi. Except for the incidence in 2005 was higher than that of the whole country and Guangxi, in 2006 the whole country was higher than that of Guangxi, the remaining 8 years were lower than that of the whole country and Guangxi. The peak of incidence was obvious throughout the year. In November, December and January were the largest, accounting for 50.78% of the total. There was a small peak in July, which was affected by outbreak factors and caused inconsistencies with the whole country and Guangxi. The cases were mainly scattered children and men. Two cases of measles The incidence of routine immunization of children (ie, 8 to 23 months old) accounted for only 26.18% of the cases, while measles cases aged <8 months, 2 to 6 years, 7 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years and ≥20 years accounted for 12.04 %, 34.55%, 15.71%, 3.14% and 8.38%. In 2014, the strong rebound in measles across the country and Guangxi showed a slight rebound in Qinan District. Conclusion: The measles elimination in Qinan District was remarkable in the past 10 years. Solid routine immunization, combined with measles to carry out immunization activities and emergency vaccination, measles feasible strategy.