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地理信息系统是20世纪60年代中期开始逐渐发展起来的一门新技术,它是以地理空间数据库为基础,在计算机软硬件的支持下,对空间相关数据进行采集、管理、操作、分析、模拟和显示,为地理研究和地理决策服务而建立起来的计算机技术系统。目前,地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是在应用上都处于飞速发展的阶段,它已被广泛应用于如城市规划、管理以及灾害监测和损失评估等多个领域。随着地理信息产业的建立和数字化信息产品的普及,GIS将逐渐深入到各行各业,成为人们生活、学习和工作中不可缺少的工具和助手。
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a new technology developed gradually in the mid-1960s. It is based on the geospatial database, with the support of computer hardware and software, to collect, manage, operate, analyze and simulate the spatial related data And the computer technology system that has been set up to serve the needs of geographic research and geographic decision-making. At present, GIS is in a stage of rapid development both in theory and in application. It has been widely used in many fields such as urban planning, management, disaster monitoring and loss assessment. With the establishment of geographic information industry and the popularization of digital information products, GIS will gradually penetrate into all walks of life and become an indispensable tool and assistant in people’s life, study and work.