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一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用"介词+which/whom"结构。如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六、实战演练
1.单项填空
I.单项填空
1. -Do you know the man ____ is talking withyour father？
-Yes， he's our headmaster.
A. he B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river ____ I can swim？
A. which
B. in which C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ___ the other day？
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ____ with what I said may put up youhands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ____ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which
who
7. The man ____ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who's
B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl _____ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is
B. whom； was
C. who； is
D. who； was
9. I love places ____ the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The world ____ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live
B. on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空
1. The first thing ____ you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day ___ is called April Fool's Day in the west.
3. The family ____ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house ____ we live in is very old.
5. Didn't you see the man __ I talked with just now？
词汇复习练习：
1.Mother was ______(bad) ill. She needed an ______ (operate).
2.Thomas Edison was a great ______(invent). During all his life, he had many ______(invent).
3.We must be strict with ______(us).
4.There is ____ water in the glass than in the bottle. (little)
5.He has three _____ of old books under his bed. (box)
6.You study well. But your brother studies much ______. (well)
7.All the things are very ______. (use)
8.It's very ______ outside in the street. (noise)
9.The two ______ are from England. (visit)
10.Which book is _____, this one or that one? (ex- pensive)
11.My mother like the red one ______ of all. (well)
12._____(usual) the shop isn't open on Sundays.
13.The building is eighty ______ high. (foot)
14.She often helps her mother do some _____ (wash).
15.He became a ______ in a restaurant. (wait)
16.Mike is fat. But John is a little ______. (fat)
17.This is the ______ summer for ten years. (wet)
18.August is the _____(month) of the year. (eight)
19.He became a _____ when he was only twenty.
(music)
20.Tom isn't good at his studies. His parents are quite ______. (worry)
21.When everyone was ______, the meeting began. (seat)
22.She looked quite ______ to see him again. (please)
23.The film is very ______. (wonder)
24.The bat wanted to be on the side of the _____. (win)
25.There are three ______ on the table. (knife)
26.Summer is the ______ season of the year. (two)
27.A friend of ____ came to see me that afternoon. (I)
28.Do you know ______ daughter she is? (who)
29.Kate's grandfather has been _____ for six months. (die)
30.Don't be so ______, Bob. (fool)
短语专项练习：
I. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. Don't laugh others who are in trouble.
2. How do you deal the problem?
3. I was angry my best friend because she
didn't help me.
4. Yesterday the water suddenly broke in our
building.
5. Xiaoli won the first prize. Her parents took pride her.
6. Dave didn't concentrate the study.
7. Last month, the new book just came .
8. To start , I'm a little nervous.
9. Mr Zhao likes telling jokes and he can make jokes, too.
10. I think that milk is bad the babies. You
can't buy it.
II. 根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词。
1. 学生们自愿给他们分发食物。
The student volunteered to food
to them.
2. 王先生40岁时开办了一个公司。
Mr Wang a company when he was 40.
3. 请准时到达指定地点。
Please get to the place that we tell you .
4. 我们等了又等，他一直没露面。
We waited and waited, but he didn't .
5. 我们已经售完所有的西红柿。
We have
all tomatoes.
6. 他打扮成一个律师离开了家。
He
as a lawyer and left his home.
7. 毕竟他还是个孩子。 , he is a child.
8. 我不怕麻烦地画这幅图。
I of my way to draw the picture.
9. 他们上电视多久了？
How _____ have they _____ on TV?
10. 到目前为止，他已经有十台电脑了。 , he has ten computers.
句子专项练习：
I. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. The stories is hard to understand there is
few words in it.
2. He never knew anything I told him.
3. You should make a plan you do something
important.
4. My grandfather fell asleep he was watching TV.
5. Tom didn't go to work yesterday he was ill in bed.
6. The girl backpack is red is Jim's cousin.
7. This is the only thing I want to do.
8. Don't touch the bags, your hand will be dirty.
9. I found my books I forget yesterday.
10. The police wave to them they didn't stopped.
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Most people exercise every day.（改为一般疑问句） most people every day?
2. He will travel to Beijing in two weeks.
（对划线部分提问）
he travel to Beijing?
3. The emperor invented tea by accident. （改为被动语态）
Tea the emperor by accident.
4. Tell Jim the news when he comes back home.
（改为否定句）
Jim the news when he comes back home.
5. It is a amazing thing. （改为感叹句）
the thing is！
6. They must be working hard now, ?
（完成反意疑问句）
7. Mr Zhang went to the factory on foot yesterday.
（同义句改写）
Mr Zhang
the factory yesterday.
8. How can I find him? Could you tell me?
（合并为宾语从句）
Could you tell me I
him?
9. I spent 10 yuan on the dictionary. （同义句改写）
Ｔhe dictionary
ten yuan.
10. more, will, in, there, trees, the, be, future. （连词成句）？
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用"介词+which/whom"结构。如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六、实战演练
1.单项填空
I.单项填空
1. -Do you know the man ____ is talking withyour father？
-Yes， he's our headmaster.
A. he B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river ____ I can swim？
A. which
B. in which C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ___ the other day？
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ____ with what I said may put up youhands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ____ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which
who
7. The man ____ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who's
B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl _____ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is
B. whom； was
C. who； is
D. who； was
9. I love places ____ the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The world ____ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live
B. on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空
1. The first thing ____ you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day ___ is called April Fool's Day in the west.
3. The family ____ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house ____ we live in is very old.
5. Didn't you see the man __ I talked with just now？
词汇复习练习：
1.Mother was ______(bad) ill. She needed an ______ (operate).
2.Thomas Edison was a great ______(invent). During all his life, he had many ______(invent).
3.We must be strict with ______(us).
4.There is ____ water in the glass than in the bottle. (little)
5.He has three _____ of old books under his bed. (box)
6.You study well. But your brother studies much ______. (well)
7.All the things are very ______. (use)
8.It's very ______ outside in the street. (noise)
9.The two ______ are from England. (visit)
10.Which book is _____, this one or that one? (ex- pensive)
11.My mother like the red one ______ of all. (well)
12._____(usual) the shop isn't open on Sundays.
13.The building is eighty ______ high. (foot)
14.She often helps her mother do some _____ (wash).
15.He became a ______ in a restaurant. (wait)
16.Mike is fat. But John is a little ______. (fat)
17.This is the ______ summer for ten years. (wet)
18.August is the _____(month) of the year. (eight)
19.He became a _____ when he was only twenty.
(music)
20.Tom isn't good at his studies. His parents are quite ______. (worry)
21.When everyone was ______, the meeting began. (seat)
22.She looked quite ______ to see him again. (please)
23.The film is very ______. (wonder)
24.The bat wanted to be on the side of the _____. (win)
25.There are three ______ on the table. (knife)
26.Summer is the ______ season of the year. (two)
27.A friend of ____ came to see me that afternoon. (I)
28.Do you know ______ daughter she is? (who)
29.Kate's grandfather has been _____ for six months. (die)
30.Don't be so ______, Bob. (fool)
短语专项练习：
I. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. Don't laugh others who are in trouble.
2. How do you deal the problem?
3. I was angry my best friend because she
didn't help me.
4. Yesterday the water suddenly broke in our
building.
5. Xiaoli won the first prize. Her parents took pride her.
6. Dave didn't concentrate the study.
7. Last month, the new book just came .
8. To start , I'm a little nervous.
9. Mr Zhao likes telling jokes and he can make jokes, too.
10. I think that milk is bad the babies. You
can't buy it.
II. 根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词。
1. 学生们自愿给他们分发食物。
The student volunteered to food
to them.
2. 王先生40岁时开办了一个公司。
Mr Wang a company when he was 40.
3. 请准时到达指定地点。
Please get to the place that we tell you .
4. 我们等了又等，他一直没露面。
We waited and waited, but he didn't .
5. 我们已经售完所有的西红柿。
We have
all tomatoes.
6. 他打扮成一个律师离开了家。
He
as a lawyer and left his home.
7. 毕竟他还是个孩子。 , he is a child.
8. 我不怕麻烦地画这幅图。
I of my way to draw the picture.
9. 他们上电视多久了？
How _____ have they _____ on TV?
10. 到目前为止，他已经有十台电脑了。 , he has ten computers.
句子专项练习：
I. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. The stories is hard to understand there is
few words in it.
2. He never knew anything I told him.
3. You should make a plan you do something
important.
4. My grandfather fell asleep he was watching TV.
5. Tom didn't go to work yesterday he was ill in bed.
6. The girl backpack is red is Jim's cousin.
7. This is the only thing I want to do.
8. Don't touch the bags, your hand will be dirty.
9. I found my books I forget yesterday.
10. The police wave to them they didn't stopped.
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Most people exercise every day.（改为一般疑问句） most people every day?
2. He will travel to Beijing in two weeks.
（对划线部分提问）
he travel to Beijing?
3. The emperor invented tea by accident. （改为被动语态）
Tea the emperor by accident.
4. Tell Jim the news when he comes back home.
（改为否定句）
Jim the news when he comes back home.
5. It is a amazing thing. （改为感叹句）
the thing is！
6. They must be working hard now, ?
（完成反意疑问句）
7. Mr Zhang went to the factory on foot yesterday.
（同义句改写）
Mr Zhang
the factory yesterday.
8. How can I find him? Could you tell me?
（合并为宾语从句）
Could you tell me I
him?
9. I spent 10 yuan on the dictionary. （同义句改写）
Ｔhe dictionary
ten yuan.
10. more, will, in, there, trees, the, be, future. （连词成句）？