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一、词汇过关
1. burst
【考纲释义】v. 爆裂 / 发,使……突然…… n. 破裂;突然发生,猝发
The dam burst because of heavy rain. 水坝因大雨决堤了。
They burst the door open.他们突然把门推开。
He was bursting to tell her the news. 他脱口而出告诉她这个消息。
【知识拓展】
be bursting to do 急于做……burst into tears = burst out crying突然哭起来 burst in on / upon 打断 / 搅 a burst of laughter / thunder / applause 一阵笑声 / 雷声 / 掌声
2. shock
【考纲释义】 vt. & vi. (使)震惊;振动;使愤慨 / 惊骇n. 休克;打击;震惊
I was shocked at the news of his sudden death. 听到他突然去世的消息我感到很震惊。
The scene shocked her. 那景象使她震惊。
The shock of the explosion shook the building.爆炸的冲击震动了那栋建筑物。
【知识拓展】
be in shock 处于休克状态get an electric shock 遭电击in shock 惊愕地 be shocked at sth / to do sth... 使震惊……
3. rescue
【考纲释义】 vt. & n.援救;营救
They rescued a boy from drowning. 他们搭救了一名溺水的男孩。
The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house.消防员们从燃烧的房子中救出来一名婴儿。
The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. 救援队在一周之内进行了10项救援。
【知识拓展】
rescue sb from doing从……中救援……come / go to one’s rescue 来 / 去救助某人
4. trap
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 使陷入困境;陷阱,困境
I was trapped in a traffic jam. 我被困在交通阻塞中。
He trapped animals and sold their furs. 他设陷阱捕捉动物卖毛皮。
He fell into a trap. = He was caught in a trap.他中了圈套。
【知识拓展】
be trapped / stuck in 使陷入(困境),使动弹不得 trap sb into doing诱骗某人去做……
5. bury
【考纲释义】 vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
The dog buried the bone in the ground.狗把骨头埋进地里。
She buried her face in her hands and cried.她双手蒙着脸哭了起来。
The paper was buried under a pile of books. 论文压在书堆里。
【知识拓展】
be buried in = bury oneself in埋头于…… be buried in thought 出神深思 bury oneself in study 埋头研究 bury one’s past遗忘过去
6. frighten
【考纲释义】 vt.使惊吓;吓唬
The sudden noise frightened us. 突如其来的噪音吓了我们一跳。
The dog frightened the squirrels away.狗把松鼠吓跑了。
She was very frightened when she looked down from the top floor of the building. 从那座楼的顶层向下看,她吓坏了。
【知识拓展】
frightened受到惊吓的,害怕的,惊恐的;frightening可怕的,惊人的 a frightened girl受惊的女孩a frightening dream 一个可怕的梦 be frightened to do 害怕做…… frighten ...into / away / off使……害怕(不)做……
二、短语诠释
1. right away立刻;马上
He said that he would be back right away.他说他马上回来。
We must get in touch with him right away. 我们必须立刻跟他联系。
Very well, I’ll serve the dishes right away.好,我马上上菜。
【知识拓展】
表示“立刻,马上”的类似语有:immediately; instantly; promptly; at once; right now; right away; in a hurry; in a minute (or moment); on the moment; like a shot; in no time; without delay
2. at an end结束;终结
The event was finally at an end.那件事终于了结了。
The year is at an end.一年到头了。
【知识拓展】
bring / put...to an end 使……终止 come to an end 结局 / 束 in the end 最后,结果
make (both) ends meet使收支平衡 on end竖着,连续地 to no end 徒劳 end up 最终到达 end with 以……告终
3. in ruins成为废墟;严重受损
The castle is now in ruins.城堡现在已成废墟。
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.那次地震过后,全城到处是颓垣断壁。
When our economy lies in ruins, we will live a hard life.当我们经济处于崩溃状态时,我们的日子会很艰难。
【知识拓展】
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭come / go to ruin 灭亡;废墟
【辨析】 ruin; destroy; injury; break
(1)break指有形的或无形的东西被“打破,弄碎”;damage指不彻底地破坏,只是使其不能发挥正常作用;destroy指彻底地破坏,其后果不能或很难修复;而ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物,特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物,并使其无法修复。(2)destroy可接物,也可接人;而damage通常接物。(3)break和destroy的主语可以是人,也可以是事物;而ruin的主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。例如:
The windshield broke but did not shatter.挡风玻璃破了,但没有碎。
The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall.大客车撞到墙上,损坏得很厉害。
He hates his little sister because she destroyed all his toys.他讨厌他的小妹妹,因为妹妹弄坏了他所有的玩具。
You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.如果你继续这种愚蠢的行为,你会自毁前程的。
4. dig out掘出;发现 ;找到;查找
He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out.他遇雪崩被埋住了,得把他挖出来。
They dug the potatoes out (of the ground).他们(从地里)挖出了马铃薯。
He was digging out old pictures. 他正在翻看老照片。
【知识拓展】
dig up 掘出,找到;发现dig at (口)对……讽刺 dig one’s way 挖掘前进 dig for挖掘(为找……);(口)刻苦学习,钻研dig into (口) 开始吃,忙于;详细调查……
5. a (great) number of许多;大量的
I’ve learned a number of things.我学到了许多东西。
There are a great number of problems to solve.有许多问题要解决。
A great number of people were injured in the earthquake.很多人在地震中受了伤。
【知识拓展】
many, a(large / small / great / good) number of, quite a few, a lot of后接可数名词;much, a little, a great deal of后接不可数名词; lots of, plenty of, 既可修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;amouht 可用复数,后接不可数名词。
三、句式详解
1. It seemed that the world was at an end.似乎世界末日来临。
A. seem在此句中用作连系动词,意为“似乎,好像”,其用法有:
1)seem + (to be ) + adj. / n. 2)seem + to do3)seem + like + n.4)It seems / seemed (to sb.) + that-clause例如:
He seems to know everything = It seems that he knows everything. 他似乎知道一切。It seems that I have seen her before. = I seem to have seen her before. 我以前好像见过她。
B. (1)as if似乎,好像 = as though
She spoke to me as if she knew me. 看她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。
(2)as if在表语从句中相当于that:
It seemed as if the meeting would never end.看起来会议没完没了。
2. Everywhere they looked nearly every-thing was destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看,几乎一切都被毁了。
everywhere 用作连词,等于wherever, no matter where,引导让步状语从句。如:
Everywhere they appeared, they were met with strong protests. 他们无论在哪儿出现,都面对一片抗议声。
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.无论我去哪儿,我都看到一样的东西。
You see it everywhere you look.无论你往哪儿看,你都会看到它。
3. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的城市医院,75%的工厂和建筑物,90%的家都不存在了。
“gone”是过去分词作表语,意为“不在”“走了”“丢了”“用完了”,或指人“死了”。分数、百分数作主语,谓语动词要根据分数、百分数代表的量是可数名词还是不可数名词而定。如:
My watch was gone.我的表不见了。
He’ll be gone for quite a little while.他要离开很长一段时间。
50% of the students in our class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。
Two-thirds of the earth surface is covered with water.地球表面的三分之二是水。
4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成小分队,将被困的人挖出来,将死者掩埋。
those who相当于意为“凡……的人”,表示的是两者以上的不定数量,who引导的定语从句用复数,不能用that代替。(注意:anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。)the dead意为“死难者”。形容词或分词前加冠词可表示同一类人或物,谓语动词常用复数形式。如:
Those who want to see the film write your names on the paper.想看电影的人把你们的名字写在这张纸上。
Anybody who breaks the law will be punished.任何人犯法都要受到惩罚。
He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。
The rich are not always happy.有钱人并不总是幸福的。
1. burst
【考纲释义】v. 爆裂 / 发,使……突然…… n. 破裂;突然发生,猝发
The dam burst because of heavy rain. 水坝因大雨决堤了。
They burst the door open.他们突然把门推开。
He was bursting to tell her the news. 他脱口而出告诉她这个消息。
【知识拓展】
be bursting to do 急于做……burst into tears = burst out crying突然哭起来 burst in on / upon 打断 / 搅 a burst of laughter / thunder / applause 一阵笑声 / 雷声 / 掌声
2. shock
【考纲释义】 vt. & vi. (使)震惊;振动;使愤慨 / 惊骇n. 休克;打击;震惊
I was shocked at the news of his sudden death. 听到他突然去世的消息我感到很震惊。
The scene shocked her. 那景象使她震惊。
The shock of the explosion shook the building.爆炸的冲击震动了那栋建筑物。
【知识拓展】
be in shock 处于休克状态get an electric shock 遭电击in shock 惊愕地 be shocked at sth / to do sth... 使震惊……
3. rescue
【考纲释义】 vt. & n.援救;营救
They rescued a boy from drowning. 他们搭救了一名溺水的男孩。
The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house.消防员们从燃烧的房子中救出来一名婴儿。
The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. 救援队在一周之内进行了10项救援。
【知识拓展】
rescue sb from doing从……中救援……come / go to one’s rescue 来 / 去救助某人
4. trap
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 使陷入困境;陷阱,困境
I was trapped in a traffic jam. 我被困在交通阻塞中。
He trapped animals and sold their furs. 他设陷阱捕捉动物卖毛皮。
He fell into a trap. = He was caught in a trap.他中了圈套。
【知识拓展】
be trapped / stuck in 使陷入(困境),使动弹不得 trap sb into doing诱骗某人去做……
5. bury
【考纲释义】 vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
The dog buried the bone in the ground.狗把骨头埋进地里。
She buried her face in her hands and cried.她双手蒙着脸哭了起来。
The paper was buried under a pile of books. 论文压在书堆里。
【知识拓展】
be buried in = bury oneself in埋头于…… be buried in thought 出神深思 bury oneself in study 埋头研究 bury one’s past遗忘过去
6. frighten
【考纲释义】 vt.使惊吓;吓唬
The sudden noise frightened us. 突如其来的噪音吓了我们一跳。
The dog frightened the squirrels away.狗把松鼠吓跑了。
She was very frightened when she looked down from the top floor of the building. 从那座楼的顶层向下看,她吓坏了。
【知识拓展】
frightened受到惊吓的,害怕的,惊恐的;frightening可怕的,惊人的 a frightened girl受惊的女孩a frightening dream 一个可怕的梦 be frightened to do 害怕做…… frighten ...into / away / off使……害怕(不)做……
二、短语诠释
1. right away立刻;马上
He said that he would be back right away.他说他马上回来。
We must get in touch with him right away. 我们必须立刻跟他联系。
Very well, I’ll serve the dishes right away.好,我马上上菜。
【知识拓展】
表示“立刻,马上”的类似语有:immediately; instantly; promptly; at once; right now; right away; in a hurry; in a minute (or moment); on the moment; like a shot; in no time; without delay
2. at an end结束;终结
The event was finally at an end.那件事终于了结了。
The year is at an end.一年到头了。
【知识拓展】
bring / put...to an end 使……终止 come to an end 结局 / 束 in the end 最后,结果
make (both) ends meet使收支平衡 on end竖着,连续地 to no end 徒劳 end up 最终到达 end with 以……告终
3. in ruins成为废墟;严重受损
The castle is now in ruins.城堡现在已成废墟。
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.那次地震过后,全城到处是颓垣断壁。
When our economy lies in ruins, we will live a hard life.当我们经济处于崩溃状态时,我们的日子会很艰难。
【知识拓展】
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭come / go to ruin 灭亡;废墟
【辨析】 ruin; destroy; injury; break
(1)break指有形的或无形的东西被“打破,弄碎”;damage指不彻底地破坏,只是使其不能发挥正常作用;destroy指彻底地破坏,其后果不能或很难修复;而ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物,特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物,并使其无法修复。(2)destroy可接物,也可接人;而damage通常接物。(3)break和destroy的主语可以是人,也可以是事物;而ruin的主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。例如:
The windshield broke but did not shatter.挡风玻璃破了,但没有碎。
The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall.大客车撞到墙上,损坏得很厉害。
He hates his little sister because she destroyed all his toys.他讨厌他的小妹妹,因为妹妹弄坏了他所有的玩具。
You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.如果你继续这种愚蠢的行为,你会自毁前程的。
4. dig out掘出;发现 ;找到;查找
He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out.他遇雪崩被埋住了,得把他挖出来。
They dug the potatoes out (of the ground).他们(从地里)挖出了马铃薯。
He was digging out old pictures. 他正在翻看老照片。
【知识拓展】
dig up 掘出,找到;发现dig at (口)对……讽刺 dig one’s way 挖掘前进 dig for挖掘(为找……);(口)刻苦学习,钻研dig into (口) 开始吃,忙于;详细调查……
5. a (great) number of许多;大量的
I’ve learned a number of things.我学到了许多东西。
There are a great number of problems to solve.有许多问题要解决。
A great number of people were injured in the earthquake.很多人在地震中受了伤。
【知识拓展】
many, a(large / small / great / good) number of, quite a few, a lot of后接可数名词;much, a little, a great deal of后接不可数名词; lots of, plenty of, 既可修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;amouht 可用复数,后接不可数名词。
三、句式详解
1. It seemed that the world was at an end.似乎世界末日来临。
A. seem在此句中用作连系动词,意为“似乎,好像”,其用法有:
1)seem + (to be ) + adj. / n. 2)seem + to do3)seem + like + n.4)It seems / seemed (to sb.) + that-clause例如:
He seems to know everything = It seems that he knows everything. 他似乎知道一切。It seems that I have seen her before. = I seem to have seen her before. 我以前好像见过她。
B. (1)as if似乎,好像 = as though
She spoke to me as if she knew me. 看她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。
(2)as if在表语从句中相当于that:
It seemed as if the meeting would never end.看起来会议没完没了。
2. Everywhere they looked nearly every-thing was destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看,几乎一切都被毁了。
everywhere 用作连词,等于wherever, no matter where,引导让步状语从句。如:
Everywhere they appeared, they were met with strong protests. 他们无论在哪儿出现,都面对一片抗议声。
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.无论我去哪儿,我都看到一样的东西。
You see it everywhere you look.无论你往哪儿看,你都会看到它。
3. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的城市医院,75%的工厂和建筑物,90%的家都不存在了。
“gone”是过去分词作表语,意为“不在”“走了”“丢了”“用完了”,或指人“死了”。分数、百分数作主语,谓语动词要根据分数、百分数代表的量是可数名词还是不可数名词而定。如:
My watch was gone.我的表不见了。
He’ll be gone for quite a little while.他要离开很长一段时间。
50% of the students in our class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。
Two-thirds of the earth surface is covered with water.地球表面的三分之二是水。
4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成小分队,将被困的人挖出来,将死者掩埋。
those who相当于意为“凡……的人”,表示的是两者以上的不定数量,who引导的定语从句用复数,不能用that代替。(注意:anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。)the dead意为“死难者”。形容词或分词前加冠词可表示同一类人或物,谓语动词常用复数形式。如:
Those who want to see the film write your names on the paper.想看电影的人把你们的名字写在这张纸上。
Anybody who breaks the law will be punished.任何人犯法都要受到惩罚。
He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。
The rich are not always happy.有钱人并不总是幸福的。