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一、词汇过关
1. base
【考纲释义】 vi. & n. 以……为根据,建于……之上
This film is based on a novel by Charles Dickens.该影片是根据查理•狄更斯的小说改编的。
They decided to take Beijing as the company’s base. 他们决定将北京作为公司的基地。
【知识拓展】
base...on / upon...以……为基础、依据
Then you need to answer these questions based on what you hear. 你需要根据所听到的内容回答问题。
2. command
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 命令;指令;掌握
Please find the following command and request before you read the passage. 请在阅读前先找出指令与要求。
The general commanded his army to fire at the enemy. 将军命令军队向敌人开火。
I command that they should work out this problem before they go home. 我要求他们在放学前将这个问题解决。
command sb. to do sth.
command that sb. (should) do sth. 宾语从句中使用虚拟语气
【知识拓展】
give a command 发布命令take the command of 统帅;精通 have a good command of 精通,掌握
3. request
【考纲释义】 v.& n.要求,请求
May I request a favour of you?请您帮一下忙好吗?
We request the favour of a reply at your earliest convenience. 敬请早日回复。
【知识拓展】
request sb. to do sth.
request that sb. should do sth.
at the request of someone = at someone’s request应某人的请求
by request (of) 应……的请求(或邀请)
come into request出现(对某事物的)需要
make a request要求;提出请求
4. recognize
【考纲释义】 vt. 认出,识别出
I didn’t recognize his voice on the phone. 在电话中我没有辨出他的声音。
Though we haven’t met each other for a long time, we recognized each other at once. 尽管我们很久不见,但是我们彼此一眼就认出了对方。
【知识拓展】
recognizable adj. 可认识,可辨认的,可承认的 recognitionn. 承认,认可
It would be the fair recognition for all the work we have done so far.
那将会是对我们到目前为止已经做的所有工作的公正的认可。
5. identity
【考纲释义】 n.一致, 同一性;身份;个性;特性
She refused to reveal her identity.她拒绝透露自己的身份。
Proof of identity includes passport, identity card, driving license and any other documents with a similar nature. 身份证明证件包括护照、身份证、驾照或其它具有相似性质的证件。
【知识拓展】
identificationn. 鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明
identifyvt. 识别;确定; vi. 认同;一致;确定
6. compare
【考纲释义】 v.比较
You should not compare the two countries; they are quite different.你不应该把这两个国家进行比较,他们差别非常大。
【知识拓展】
compare...with / and...把……与……作比较
compared to / with...与……相比
compare...to...把……比做……
Chairman Mao compared us young to the sun at 8 or 9 o’clock in the morning.毛主席把我们年轻人比作清晨八、九点钟的太阳。
Compared with / to your classmates, you are indeed very lucky.跟你的同学相比,你真是太幸运了。
If you compare her work with his, you’ll find hers is much better. 如果你把她和他的工作进行比较,就会发现她做的好得多。
二、短语诠释
1. more than 不止,多于;非常
There are more than thirty students in our class.我们班有30多人。
He is more than happy to meet his old friends.他见到老朋友很高兴。
The beauty of the scenery is more than I can describe.景色之美难以言表。
【知识拓展】
not more than不超过
no more than只有,仅仅
There are not more than thirty students in our class. 我们班不超过30人。
There are no more than thirty students in our class. 我们班只有30人。
2. because of 因为,由于
Our trip was delayed because of the heavy flood. 由于洪水我们的行程耽误了。
It was because of his own carelessness that he failed in the exam again. 正是由于他自己的粗心导致了他考试失败。
【知识拓展】
表示“因为,由于”的常见短语:because of, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of。如:
Because of / Owing to / Due to / On account of / As a result of his great effort, our team won the first prize in this competition. 由于他的努力,我们队赢得了竞赛一等奖。
3. make use of利用
Everyone must make full use of time to practice English. 每个人必须充分利用时间去训练英语。
His progress in study lies in the good use he made of his spare time.他在学业上进步的原因在于对业余时间利用得好。
【知识拓展】
make sense 弄明白,讲得通; make up 弥补,编造; be made of由……制成;be made from由……制成(看不出原材料) ;be made up of由……组成。
What he said didn’t make sense to me.我不明白他在说什么。
Don’t make up an excuse. Please be honest.别再找理由了,请诚实。
The table is made of wood.这桌子是木制的。
The wine is made from grape. 这酒是由葡萄酿制的。
This rescue team is made up of soldiers, doctors and nurses. 这个救援队伍是由士兵、医护人员组成的。
4. come up走近,出席,发生,露出地面
We could see the road clearly when the moon came up. 当月亮升起时,我们能清晰地看见道路。
Some questions came up at the meeting.会上提出了一些问题。
A boy came up to me and helped me with luggage. 一个男孩走过来帮我拿行李。
【知识拓展】
come about 发生,形成 come across 碰到,偶遇come to 达到,谈到come out 出版,结果是come up with 提出
I came across one of my old classmates in the street. 我昨天在街上遇到了一位老同学。
How did it come about that you hurt your leg? 你腿是如何弄伤的?
We came up with some good ideas at the class meeting. 我们在班会上提出了一些好想法。
三、句式详解
1. Native English speakers can under-stand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.英语本族人即使说的英语不太相同,彼此可以听懂。
even though / even if 作连词用,引导的是让步状语从句,意为“即使,尽管,纵然”。使用时,切勿和but连用。如:
Nobody can keep a secret forever, even though he promises to.没人能永远保守一个秘密,即使他承诺了。
Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it was valuable.他们很多人都不听他的意见,即使他们知道很有价值。
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治着印度。
该句为主从复合句,其中because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947充当表语从句。以下几组表语从句可以用来表示因果关系:
He was late for school. This was because his bike was broken.他迟到是因为自行车坏了。
His bike was broken. That was why he was late for school. 他自行车坏了,这是他迟到的原因。
The reason why he was late for school was that his bike was broken.他迟到的原因是自行车坏了。
注意:The reason why...is / was that...中表语从句只能用that引导,不能使用because。
3. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.美国是一个大国,国内说着许许多多的方言。
该句为定语从句,先行词为a large country,以in which = where来引导定语从句。如:
I have visited the place in which / where he was born. 我参观过他的出生地。
I was very scared to go into the room in which / where he was murdered. 我很怕走进他被谋杀的房间。
4. Then along comes this catfish about the size of a house.接着一头房子大小的鲶鱼出现了。
该句为倒装句,句首为here, there, in, out, up, down, away, off, now, then, thus等副词,句子采用完全倒装。如:
Here comes the bus.公汽来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down fell the rain.雨落下来了。
若主语为代词时,语序为Here you are. 给你。
Out they came. 他们出来了。
1. base
【考纲释义】 vi. & n. 以……为根据,建于……之上
This film is based on a novel by Charles Dickens.该影片是根据查理•狄更斯的小说改编的。
They decided to take Beijing as the company’s base. 他们决定将北京作为公司的基地。
【知识拓展】
base...on / upon...以……为基础、依据
Then you need to answer these questions based on what you hear. 你需要根据所听到的内容回答问题。
2. command
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 命令;指令;掌握
Please find the following command and request before you read the passage. 请在阅读前先找出指令与要求。
The general commanded his army to fire at the enemy. 将军命令军队向敌人开火。
I command that they should work out this problem before they go home. 我要求他们在放学前将这个问题解决。
command sb. to do sth.
command that sb. (should) do sth. 宾语从句中使用虚拟语气
【知识拓展】
give a command 发布命令take the command of 统帅;精通 have a good command of 精通,掌握
3. request
【考纲释义】 v.& n.要求,请求
May I request a favour of you?请您帮一下忙好吗?
We request the favour of a reply at your earliest convenience. 敬请早日回复。
【知识拓展】
request sb. to do sth.
request that sb. should do sth.
at the request of someone = at someone’s request应某人的请求
by request (of) 应……的请求(或邀请)
come into request出现(对某事物的)需要
make a request要求;提出请求
4. recognize
【考纲释义】 vt. 认出,识别出
I didn’t recognize his voice on the phone. 在电话中我没有辨出他的声音。
Though we haven’t met each other for a long time, we recognized each other at once. 尽管我们很久不见,但是我们彼此一眼就认出了对方。
【知识拓展】
recognizable adj. 可认识,可辨认的,可承认的 recognitionn. 承认,认可
It would be the fair recognition for all the work we have done so far.
那将会是对我们到目前为止已经做的所有工作的公正的认可。
5. identity
【考纲释义】 n.一致, 同一性;身份;个性;特性
She refused to reveal her identity.她拒绝透露自己的身份。
Proof of identity includes passport, identity card, driving license and any other documents with a similar nature. 身份证明证件包括护照、身份证、驾照或其它具有相似性质的证件。
【知识拓展】
identificationn. 鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明
identifyvt. 识别;确定; vi. 认同;一致;确定
6. compare
【考纲释义】 v.比较
You should not compare the two countries; they are quite different.你不应该把这两个国家进行比较,他们差别非常大。
【知识拓展】
compare...with / and...把……与……作比较
compared to / with...与……相比
compare...to...把……比做……
Chairman Mao compared us young to the sun at 8 or 9 o’clock in the morning.毛主席把我们年轻人比作清晨八、九点钟的太阳。
Compared with / to your classmates, you are indeed very lucky.跟你的同学相比,你真是太幸运了。
If you compare her work with his, you’ll find hers is much better. 如果你把她和他的工作进行比较,就会发现她做的好得多。
二、短语诠释
1. more than 不止,多于;非常
There are more than thirty students in our class.我们班有30多人。
He is more than happy to meet his old friends.他见到老朋友很高兴。
The beauty of the scenery is more than I can describe.景色之美难以言表。
【知识拓展】
not more than不超过
no more than只有,仅仅
There are not more than thirty students in our class. 我们班不超过30人。
There are no more than thirty students in our class. 我们班只有30人。
2. because of 因为,由于
Our trip was delayed because of the heavy flood. 由于洪水我们的行程耽误了。
It was because of his own carelessness that he failed in the exam again. 正是由于他自己的粗心导致了他考试失败。
【知识拓展】
表示“因为,由于”的常见短语:because of, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of。如:
Because of / Owing to / Due to / On account of / As a result of his great effort, our team won the first prize in this competition. 由于他的努力,我们队赢得了竞赛一等奖。
3. make use of利用
Everyone must make full use of time to practice English. 每个人必须充分利用时间去训练英语。
His progress in study lies in the good use he made of his spare time.他在学业上进步的原因在于对业余时间利用得好。
【知识拓展】
make sense 弄明白,讲得通; make up 弥补,编造; be made of由……制成;be made from由……制成(看不出原材料) ;be made up of由……组成。
What he said didn’t make sense to me.我不明白他在说什么。
Don’t make up an excuse. Please be honest.别再找理由了,请诚实。
The table is made of wood.这桌子是木制的。
The wine is made from grape. 这酒是由葡萄酿制的。
This rescue team is made up of soldiers, doctors and nurses. 这个救援队伍是由士兵、医护人员组成的。
4. come up走近,出席,发生,露出地面
We could see the road clearly when the moon came up. 当月亮升起时,我们能清晰地看见道路。
Some questions came up at the meeting.会上提出了一些问题。
A boy came up to me and helped me with luggage. 一个男孩走过来帮我拿行李。
【知识拓展】
come about 发生,形成 come across 碰到,偶遇come to 达到,谈到come out 出版,结果是come up with 提出
I came across one of my old classmates in the street. 我昨天在街上遇到了一位老同学。
How did it come about that you hurt your leg? 你腿是如何弄伤的?
We came up with some good ideas at the class meeting. 我们在班会上提出了一些好想法。
三、句式详解
1. Native English speakers can under-stand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.英语本族人即使说的英语不太相同,彼此可以听懂。
even though / even if 作连词用,引导的是让步状语从句,意为“即使,尽管,纵然”。使用时,切勿和but连用。如:
Nobody can keep a secret forever, even though he promises to.没人能永远保守一个秘密,即使他承诺了。
Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it was valuable.他们很多人都不听他的意见,即使他们知道很有价值。
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治着印度。
该句为主从复合句,其中because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947充当表语从句。以下几组表语从句可以用来表示因果关系:
He was late for school. This was because his bike was broken.他迟到是因为自行车坏了。
His bike was broken. That was why he was late for school. 他自行车坏了,这是他迟到的原因。
The reason why he was late for school was that his bike was broken.他迟到的原因是自行车坏了。
注意:The reason why...is / was that...中表语从句只能用that引导,不能使用because。
3. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.美国是一个大国,国内说着许许多多的方言。
该句为定语从句,先行词为a large country,以in which = where来引导定语从句。如:
I have visited the place in which / where he was born. 我参观过他的出生地。
I was very scared to go into the room in which / where he was murdered. 我很怕走进他被谋杀的房间。
4. Then along comes this catfish about the size of a house.接着一头房子大小的鲶鱼出现了。
该句为倒装句,句首为here, there, in, out, up, down, away, off, now, then, thus等副词,句子采用完全倒装。如:
Here comes the bus.公汽来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down fell the rain.雨落下来了。
若主语为代词时,语序为Here you are. 给你。
Out they came. 他们出来了。