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目的分析遗传与环境因素对学龄双生子儿童体格发育的影响,分析其中年龄和性别的作用。方法测量297对6~12岁(同卵167对,同性别异卵90对,异性别异卵40对)学龄儿童身高、坐高、体重、胸围、肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前皮褶厚度;用Mx软件拟合最佳结构方程模型。结果各体格指标均与年龄相关,仅肱三头肌皮褶厚度与性别相关;各指标的遗传模型均为ACES,遗传方差组分高于环境方差组分,男性皮褶厚度的共同环境效应高于女性,皮褶厚度的年龄方差(0.02~0.17)明显低于其他指标(0.35~0.74);校正年龄后,遗传度分别为身高(男0.80,女0.83)、坐高(男0.76,女0.79)、体重(男0.53,女0.73)、胸围(男0.72,女0.66)、肱三头肌皮褶(男0.51,女0.87)、肩胛下皮褶(男0.56,女0.86)、髂前皮褶(男0.51,女0.83),女生体重及皮褶厚度的遗传度均明显高于男生。结论遗传因素对学龄儿童体格发育起主要作用,但年龄、性别对其也有一定影响。
Objective To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the physical development of twin children of school age, and analyze the effect of age and gender. Methods 297 pairs of schoolchildren aged 6-12 years (167 pairs of identical eggs, 90 pairs of identical eggs, 40 pairs of heterosexual eggs) were measured for height, height, weight, bust, triceps skinfold, and subscapular fold , Anterior iliac fold thickness; Mx software to fit the best structural equation model. Results The physical indexes were all age-related, and only the thickness of triceps skinfold was related to sex. The genetic model of each index was ACES. The genetic variance was higher than that of environmental variance. The common environmental effect of male skinfold thickness The age variances of skinfold thickness were significantly lower in female than in other indicators (0.35-0.74). After correctional age, the heritabilities were height (male 0.80, female 0.83), sitting height (male 0.76, female 0.79 (Male 0.53, female 0.73), bust (male 0.72, female 0.66), triceps skinfold (male 0.51, female 0.87), subscapular skin fold (male 0.56, female 0.86), anterior (Male 0.51, female 0.83). The heritabilities of female body weight and skinfold thickness were significantly higher than boys. Conclusion Genetic factors play a major role in the physical development of school-age children, but age and gender also have some impact on their physical development.