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目的了解小学生预防重点传染病知识、行为综合性干预效果,为进一步开展有针对性干预活动提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样法,抽取山东省2个县区800名小学生进行调查,随机分配到干预组和对照组,干预组接受6个月的综合性干预,对照组不给予任何措施,评价干预效果。结果干预后,干预组重点传染病知晓率由59.0%增加为68.8%,对照组由57.4%上升为58.1%;干预组饭前洗手、便后洗手、吐痰、打喷嚏等健康行为形成率分别为87.3%,87.8%,98.3%,75.6%,对照组分别为77.2%,68.1%,96.6%,54.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);干预组现场观察咳嗽吐痰和洗手行为得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论干预活动有效地提高小学生重点传染病知晓率和促进健康行为方式形成。
Objective To understand the effects of preventive intervention on knowledge and behavior of key infectious diseases among primary school students and provide basis for further carrying out targeted interventions. Methods A total of 800 primary school students from 2 counties in Shandong Province were investigated by multistage cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received a comprehensive intervention for 6 months. The control group received no intervention, Intervention effect. Results After intervention, the awareness rate of major infectious diseases in the intervention group increased from 59.0% to 68.8% and that in the control group increased from 57.4% to 58.1%. The rate of formation of healthy people in the intervention group after washing their hands before meals, spitting and sneezing Were 87.3%, 87.8%, 98.3% and 75.6% in the control group and 77.2%, 68.1%, 96.6% and 54.0% in the control group respectively (all P <0.01) And hand washing behavior scores higher than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Interventions can effectively improve the awareness rate of primary infectious diseases among primary school students and promote the formation of healthy behaviors.