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利用甘肃省广河县1981-2010年气象观测资料与2014年进行对比,分析全膜双垄沟播玉米生育期光、热、水资源的分布特点及其对玉米生产发育的影响。结果表明,2014年广河县生育期内气温偏高,降水正常偏少,日照时间偏少。气温偏高对玉米生长十分有利,阴雨寡照对玉米后期生长不利。然后,着重分析广河县玉米生育期间4种主要气象灾害—干旱、冰雹、强降温和连阴雨的发生规律、防御对策及生产建议。生产上建议采取选用中熟和中晚熟品种、适期早播、及时灌溉排水、推迟收获等技术措施,以充分利用当地气候资源,趋利避害,实现玉米稳产高产。
By using meteorological observation data from 1981 to 2010 in Guanghe County of Gansu Province in comparison with those in 2014, the distribution characteristics of light, heat and water resources and their effects on maize production during the growth period were analyzed. The results showed that in 2014 Guanghe County had high temperature during the growth period, normal precipitation less than normal, and sunshine duration was less than normal. High temperatures are very beneficial to the growth of corn, oligochromatic rain adverse growth late maize. Then, we focus on the analysis of the four major meteorological disasters during the growth of maize in Guanghe County - the occurrence of drought, hail, strong cooling and even overcast rain, the defensive countermeasures and production proposals. In production, it is suggested to adopt medium and late-maturing varieties, early sowing at suitable time, irrigation and drainage in time, postponement of harvesting and other technical measures so as to make full use of local climate resources and profit and avoid losses so as to achieve stable and high yield of corn.