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目的了解福建省农村居民生活饮用水卫生状况,为制订改水决策提供科学依据。方法于2004年3—5月,选择福建省14个县作为农村生活饮用水监测县(市),每个县设约10个监测点,共计144个监测点。对农村生活饮用水水源类型、取水方式、水质处理情况及其相应的饮用人口数等进行现场调查。按照《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)对水样进行采集、保存和检测,根据《农村实施<生活饮用水卫生标准>准则》进行分级和评价。结果14个县农村居民有61.29%以地下水为水源,38.71%以地面水为水源;从供水方式上看,有58.24%饮用集中式供水,41.76%饮用分散式供水。共检测水样288件,合格76件,合格率为26.39%。色度、浑浊度、pH值、铁、锰、氟化物、硝酸盐氮、氯化物、总大肠菌群、细菌总数超标率分别为0.35%,0.35%,14.75%,1.75%,2.78%,0.69%,3.12%,0.35%,53.47%,21.18%,总硬度、砷、硫酸盐均合格。地面水水样合格率[35.38%(46/130)]高于地下水水样合格率[18.99%(30/158)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论福建省农村部分居民生活饮用水水质较差,受微生物污染严重。
Objective To understand the sanitary status of drinking water for rural residents in Fujian Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating water-diversion decision-making. Methods From March to May 2004, 14 counties in Fujian Province were selected as rural drinking water monitoring counties (cities). There were about 10 monitoring sites in each county, with a total of 144 monitoring sites. On the rural drinking water source types, water intake, water quality and its corresponding drinking population and other field surveys. Water samples were collected, preserved and tested in accordance with the Code of Hygienic Standard for Drinking-water (2001), and graded and evaluated according to the Guidelines for the Implementation of Sanitary Standards for Drinking-water in Rural Areas. Results 61.29% of rural residents in 14 counties used groundwater as their source of water and 38.71% of them used surface water as their source of water. From the perspective of water supply, 58.24% of centralized drinking water was supplied and 41.76% of decentralized drinking water was used for drinking. A total of 288 water samples were tested, passing 76, with a pass rate of 26.39%. The over-standard rates of chroma, turbidity, pH value, iron, manganese, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, chloride and total coliform bacteria and total bacteria were 0.35%, 0.35%, 14.75%, 1.75%, 2.78% and 0.69 %, 3.12%, 0.35%, 53.47%, 21.18%, total hardness, arsenic, sulfate were qualified. The passing rate of surface water samples [35.38% (46/130)] was higher than the passing rate of groundwater samples [18.99% (30/158)], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion Some people living in rural areas of Fujian Province have poorer drinking water quality and are seriously polluted by microorganisms.