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It is a matter of particular pleasure for me to be invited by the Peace and Justice Initiative at Valencia College in Orlando to have a series of interactions at Valencia College on a number of issues which are integral to humanity’s eternal endeavor towards a better life on this planet for us and future generations.
The initial keynote presentation this afternoon titled “The Culture of Peace： Agenda for New Global Civilization” is a kind of curtain-raiser for the issues which would be surveyed during my three-day visit to your beautiful and lively campus. At the end， I hope I leave behind some better understanding of these key global issues as well as increased energy and greater commitment to undertake our responsibilities as global citizens.
我十分荣幸接受瓦伦西亚学院和平与正义行动组织的邀请来到奥兰多，就一系列问题进行互动和讨论，这些问题关乎人类一直以来想要实现的目标，关乎我们自身和后代在这个星球上能否更好的生存。
今天下午的演讲主旨为“和平文化：新的全球文明议程”，它将为我在瓦伦西亚学院为期三天的行程中所要调研的问题拉开帷幕。在此之后，我希望各位能对这些全球性的问题有一些更好的了解，也希望你们能从中汲取更多的能量，充分担负起身为地球公民的责任。
This September the President of the General Assembly of the United Nations Vuk Jeremic of Serbia convened the second High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace. It is under his presidency that the Assembly adopted last December by consensus its resolution 67/106 which mandated the President to convene the Forum devoted to the implementation of the UN Programme of Action on Culture of Peace on the occasion of the anniversary of the adoption of the Programme. His predecessor Ambassador Nassir Al-Nasser of Qatar took the pioneering initiative to hold the first-ever High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace in September of 2012. The international community is keen to benefit from this annual high level gathering and its perceptive deliberations with the participations of people from diverse background sharing their erudition， experience and expertise about the culture of peace becomes an integral part of humanity quest for peace， justice and human security.
This year’s forum was held at a very propitious time as the drums of war were being sounded. Yes， I am referring to the volatile situation the world was going through in September. Peace-cherishing people everywhere were holding their breath and praying intensely so that another avoidable war would not break out.
今年9月，联合国大会主席武克·耶雷米奇（塞尔维亚）召开了第二届和平文化高级别论坛。在他的领导下，联合国大会于去年12月一致通过了第67/106决议， 该决议规定联大主席应在每年依照《联合国和平文化行动纲领》通过的日期举办周年论坛，以敦促该纲领的执行。武克·耶雷米奇主席的前任纳西尔·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·纳赛尔大使（卡塔尔）于2012年9月率先举办了第一届和平文化高级别论坛。国际社会热切希望从这一年度高级别盛事中受益。高级别论坛旨在让来自不同背景的参与者分享各自有关和平文化的知识、经验和专长，这一愿景使之成为寻求和平、正义和人类安全的人性探索中重要的一部分。 今年的论坛举办于一个非常关键的时刻，战争的钟声正要敲响。是的，我指的正是九月份世界所经历的不稳定的情形。世界各地珍惜和平的人们都屏住呼吸，祈祷这场可以避免的战争不要爆发。
To put this in an appropriate perspective， let me underscore that interdependency of today’s world， if not addressed with sanity， can turn into a social， economic， nuclear or environmental catastrophe. The magnitude of these problems requires all human beings to work together in finding realistic， rational， reasonable and responsible solutions.
Most disturbing is that today’s atrocities often are directed to people living in the same community or neighborhood. Hatred and intolerance have blurred the vision of the perpetrators. Great differences still exist between peoples and regions -- the world is experiencing a new era of insecurity and uncertainty. Despite all our progress， too many people live in extreme poverty and hunger， do not have access to as basic things as clean water or education and health. Unfortunately worst-hit victims of this everywhere are the women and children.
为了更好地说明这一看法，我不得不强调，当今世界是相互依存的，如果我们不以理智的方式处理各国关系，那么世界上将发生社会、经济、核能或是环境的大灾难。这些问题的严重性要求所有人类联合起来，共同寻找实际的、理性的、合理的并负责任的解决办法。
最让人不安的是当下的暴行经常发生在居住在同一社区或邻里的人们之间。仇恨和不容忍使行凶者的视线变得模糊。不同地区的人们之间仍然存在巨大差异——世界正在经历一个充满不安全和不确定的新时代。尽管我们取得了一些进步，仍有太多人生活在极度的贫困和饥饿当中，无从获得基本的生活所需，如干净的饮用水、教育和医疗设施。不幸的是，受打击最严重的往往是妇女和儿童。
The first step towards examining the road to peace should start with an understanding of the implications of these realities. The values of non-violence， tolerance and democracy which augment the flourishing of the culture of peace will generate the mindset that is a prerequisite for the transition from force to reason， from conflict and violence to dialogue and peace.
This I have seen first hand as my work took me to the farthest corners of the world. What I have seen has outraged me but also has given me hope and encouragement that there are forces who are determined to turn our planet into a livable place for all and where human dignity has taken strong roots. Those are working hard to turn all the negative energies into positive ones so that every individual can realize her or his highest potential and live a secure and fulfilling life. I am always inspired by the human spirit and its resilience and capacity to overcome all adversity.
研究通往和平道路的第一步应该从理解这些现实背后的意义开始。非暴力、包容和民主的价值观可以促进和平文化的传播，进而形成从强迫向理性、从冲突和暴力向对话和和平过渡所必须的思想前提。
我的工作将我带到世界上的每一个角落，亲眼目睹了许多事情。那些使我愤怒的事情也给了我希望和鼓励，因为我看到总有一些人们决心将我们的星球转变成一个能够让所有人都有尊严生活的和谐空间。他们不断努力，将负能量转换为正能量，使每一个人都能意识到自身所蕴含的巨大潜能，使每一个人都能过上安全、如愿的生活。 From Sierra Leone to Sri Lanka， from Mongolia to Mauritius， from Paraguay to the Philippines， from Kosovo to Kazakhstan， from Bhutan to the Bahamas to Burkina Faso， I have seen time and again how people – even the humblest and the weakest – have contributed to building the culture of peace in their personal lives， in their families， in their communities and in their countries. And that ultimately is contributing to building a new and better tomorrow for humanity and to the global movement for the culture of peace.
One lesson that I have learned from this is that to prevent our history of war and conflict from repeating itself - the values of non-violence， tolerance， human rights and democratic participation will have to be germinated in every woman and man - children and adults alike. Another message comes out loud and clear that we should never forget that when women – half of world’s seven billion people - are marginalized， there is no chance for our world to get sustainable peace in the real sense.
从塞拉利昂到斯里兰卡，从蒙古到毛里求斯，从巴拉圭到菲律宾，从科索沃到哈萨克斯坦，从不丹到巴哈马再到布基纳法索，我已经目睹了无数次人们，即使是那些最谦卑最微弱的人们，在他们各自的生活中，在他们的家庭中，在他们的社区中和在他们的国家中为构建和平文化做出贡献。
我从中学到的最重要的一课就是我们要阻止战争和冲突的历史重演——非暴力、包容、人权和民主参与的价值观应在每个女人、男人、孩童、成人心中扎根。其传达的另一个清晰的信息就是，妇女占世界70亿人口中的半数，我们永远不能忘记当女性被边缘化，我们就没有机会实现真正意义上的可持续的和平。
While women are often the first victims of armed conflicts， they must also and always be recognized for their key role in the resolution of conflicts and reduction of violence. It is my strong belief that unless women are engaged in advancing the culture of peace at equal levels at all times with men， sustainable peace would continue to elude us.
I also believe with all my conviction that when women are marginalized and their equality is not established in all spheres of human activity， neither the human right to peace is possible， nor the culture of peace is worthwhile.
女性通常是武装冲突的首要受害者，但她们也是解决冲突和暴力的关键。我坚信，除非女性能参与到推动和平文化的进程中来，在与男性平等的水平上发挥作用，否则我们将无法实现和平文化。
我还坚信，如果女性被边缘化，如果她们在所有人类活动中都不能享受平等待遇，那么人类维护和平是不可能的，和平文化的价值也是不会实现的。
As has been rightly said， without peace， development is not possible， without development， peace is not achievable， and without women， neither peace nor development can be realised.
The need for the culture of peace is evident as we reflect on how our civilization has succumbed， from time to time， to the human frailties of greed， ambition and selfishness. We have seen that violence is often committed under the veil of public mandates when in fact those are the wishes of the few in power or who have power， be they economic， political， military， or even religious. 正如我们说过的那样，没有和平，发展将失去可能，没有发展，和平将不能达成，没有女性，和平和发展都将不能实现。
我们对和平文化的需求可以充分的从过去中反映出来，我们的文明曾向人性的贪婪、野心和自私屈服。我们已经目睹了暴力经常以公众授权的名义出现，但实际上那只体现了少数掌权人在经济、政治、军事或是宗教方面的利益。
As we all know， the 20th century had been the most violent in human history. With the dawn of the new millennium， with the end of the Cold War， our expectations for a peace dividend seemed realistic. But our hopes were dashed with new conflicts breaking out in different parts of the world. It is therefore important and necessary that we take a close look at our approaches toward bringing peace to this world， to our communities and to each one of us as individuals. We have to find out where and why we went wrong.
And， obviously， we have to find better ways to establish peace. We need to remember that in the hate and violence filled 20th Century， we have seen the power of non-violence in the sacrifices of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King， Jr. Forces of hatred and intolerance claimed their lives…but not their souls， not their spirits.
正如我们所知，20世纪在人类历史上是最为暴力的。随着新纪元的开始和冷战的结束，我们对和平的希冀似乎可以成为现实。但是我们的希望被世界各地新爆发的冲突所打破。因此，我们应进一步研究使世界走向和平的道路，无论是对社区还是每个人来说，这都非常重要。我们要审视我们曾经所犯的错误并找出原因。
并且，我们显然还需要找到构建和平的更好方式。我们应该铭记20世纪中充斥的仇恨和暴力，我们也从莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地和马丁·路德·金的牺牲中看到了非暴力的力量。仇恨和不包容的力量夺去了他们的生命，但却不能消灭他们的灵魂和精神。
We should not isolate peace as something separate or distant. We should know how to relate to one another without being aggressive， without being violent， without being disrespectful， without neglect， without prejudice. It is important to realize that the absence of peace takes away the opportunities that we need to better ourselves， to prepare ourselves， to empower ourselves to face the challenges of our lives， individually and collectively. Absence of peace makes our challenges， our struggles， much more difficult. Here let me express my concern that continuing and ever-expanding militarism is impoverishing and destroying both the Earth and the humankind.
As the living apostle for peace Daisaku Ikeda particularly emphasizes the positive， active pursuit of peace as opposed to the absence of war what he calls “passive peace”. His focus on the culture of peace – peace through dialogue - peace through non-violence has been very inspiring to millions. The culture of peace should be the foundation of the new global society. In today’s world， more so， it should be seen as the essence of a new humanity， a new global civilization based on inner oneness and outer diversity. In this context， another dimension is worthy of our particular attention. Poverty and lack of opportunities deprive people of their dignity as human beings， leaving them hopeless and incapable of pursuing the kind of life they may deserve. I have seen this from close quarters as I traveled extensively in the poorest and most vulnerable countries of the world championing their cause in my last responsibility with the United Nations. Marginalization and abuse because of ethnicity， gender or religion， repression or bias， violence or intolerance are all closely linked to poverty and the concurrent lack of basic human rights. We must not forget that it is not only morally unsupportable but also practically unrealistic to achieve sustainable peace without addressing squarely the crushing problems of poverty and human insecurity.
我们不应把和平看成是单独存在的一件事。我们应该知道和平与生活中的一切息息相关，需要驱除那些攻击性的、暴力的、不尊重的、轻视的和偏见的行为。重要的是，我们需要认识到和平的缺失会使我们失去成为更好的人的机会，使我们失去锻炼自己、赋权自身去面对生活中挑战的机会。和平的缺失使我们面临的挑战和挣扎更为困难。我所困扰的就是，持续的、不断扩大的军国主义正在削弱和毁灭地球和人类。
和平的使者池田大作先生特别强调积极追求和平，反对战争，他讲战争成为“消极的和平”。他对和平文化、对话实现和平和非暴力实现和平的专注激励了千百万人。和平文化应是新的全球社会的基础。在当今世界，和平文化应被视为是新的人性的精髓，这是基于内部一致和外部多元的一种新的全球文明。
在此背景下，另一个现象也十分值得我们关注。贫困和机遇的缺乏剥夺了人们作为人类的尊严，迫使他们放弃希望、放弃追求各自想要的生活。我在世界最贫困和最落后地区的走访使我亲身感受到这个事实，为他们而奋斗成为我在联合国最后的责任。由民族、性别、宗教、约束、偏见、暴力和不包容引起的边缘化和虐待都与贫困和人权的缺失紧密相关。我们必须记住，如果不能公正的解决贫困和人类不安全的问题，不仅是在道德层面阻碍可持续的和平，还会使可持续的和平在现实中无法实现。
Another pre-eminent concern that should get our attention is that the concept of security has for too long been interpreted narrowly： as security of territory from external aggression and has been related to the concept of nation-states than to people. In this process， the legitimate concerns of common people and their perpetual quest for individual security in their daily lives are forgotten. End of cold war has brought to the forefront very clearly that many conflicts and their causes are within nations rather than between nations. For most people of the world， a sense of insecurity comes not so much from the traditional security concerns， but from the concerns about their survival， self-preservation and wellbeing in a day-to-day context. It is， therefore， absolutely essential that human security in a broader sense should receive priority attention of the international community. “Peace does not mean just to stop wars， but also to stop oppression， injustice and neglect”.
How can we build the culture of peace？ In 1999， the United Nations adopted the Declaration and Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace， a monumental document that transcends boundaries， cultures， societies and nations. It was an honour for me to Chair the nine-month long negotiations that led to the adoption of this historic norm-setting document that is considered as one of the most significant legacies of the United Nations that would endure generations. Through this landmark adoption， the General Assembly laid down humanity’s charter for the new approaching millennium. Identifying eight specific areas， it encourages actions at all levels – the individual， the family， the community， the nation， the region and， of course， the global level. Though the Programme of Action is an agreement among nations， governments， civil society， media and individuals are all identified in this document as key actors. However， a lot more needs to be done if the culture of peace is to have the necessary impact. It needs to move out of the international conference rooms to national parliaments， local governments， village councils and homes.
另一个值得我们关注的突出问题是，安全的概念一直以来被狭隘的理解为：领土安全不受外来入侵，这一概念更强调国家的安全而非个人的安全。在这个过程中，普通人所真正关心的和他们一直寻求的生活中的个人安全被忽视了。冷战清楚地表明许多冲突和起缘都来自国家内部而非国家间。对于世界上的大多数人来说，不安全感并不是来自传统意义上的安全困扰，而来自于他们对生存、自我保护和日常生活健康幸福的担忧。因此，广义上的人类安全应该得到国际社会的优先关注，这必不可少。“和平并不只是意味着停止战争，还要停止压迫、不公平和轻视”。
我们怎样才能构建和平文化？1999年，联合国通过了《和平文化宣言和行动纲领》，这是一个超越界限、文化、社会和国家的里程碑性文件。我倍感荣幸能在当时主持长达9个月的协商，并最终通过了这一历史性的、规范性的文件。这一文件被视作是联合国经久不衰的传奇之一。在该文件通过之后，联合国大会为新的世纪设定了人类的宪章。它鼓励在八个特别领域中开展各种层面的行动——个人、家庭、社区、国家、地区，以及全球层面。尽管《行动纲领》是一个国家间的协定，但是政府、民间社会、媒体和个人在其中都被认为是重要的参与者。
然而，让和平文化发挥其应有的作用，我们需要做的仍有很多。我们需要让对和平文化的讨论走出国际会议，走进国家议会、地方政府、村镇议会和家庭。
To turn the culture of peace into a global， universal movement， basically all that is needed is for every one of us to be a true believer in peace and non-violence， and to practice what we profess. Whether it is at events such as this， in places of worship， in schools or in our homes， a lot can be achieved in promoting the culture of peace through individual resolve and action. Peace and non-violence should become a part of our daily existence. This is the only way we shall achieve a just and sustainable peace in the world.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted at the inaugural High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace last year that “A key ingredient in building culture of peace is education. We are here to talk about how to create this culture of peace. I have a simple， one-word answer： education. Through education， we teach children not to hate. Through education， we raise leaders who act with wisdom and compassion. Through education， we establish a true， lasting culture of peace.” This statement reiterates what the Programme wants to convey by putting “education” as the first among its eight action areas. He went on to say The Secretary-General’s new global initiative called “Education First” is aimed at giving every child the chance to attend school， to have quality lessons and to strengthen their core values and thereby， building the culture of peace. I believe strongly that to be worthwhile， this global initiative needs to focus on building the culture of peace through education to the young of today.
为了将和平文化转化成全球性的行动，我们需要做的最基本的就是让每一个人都真正相信和平和非暴力，并依此行动。无论是在今天这样的活动中、在教堂、在学校还是在家，个人的决心和行动都能大大推进和平文化的进程。和平和非暴力应该成为我们日常生活的一部分。这是我们实现世界公平和可持续和平的唯一途径。 联合国秘书长潘基文在去年的首届和平文化高级别论坛中主张，“构建和平文化的一个关键元素是教育。我们在这里讨论如何创造和平文化，我的答案非常简单：教育。通过教育，我们教会孩子不去憎恨。通过教育，我们培养出富有智慧和激情的领袖。通过教育，我们构建真正长久的和平文化。”这一陈述重申了与《纲领》一致的内容，将“教育”列为八个领域中的第一个。他接着说道联合国秘书长的新的全球倡议可以称为“教育第一”，旨在给每个孩子上学的机会、接受优质教育和提高核心价值的机会，从而构建和平文化。我坚信，为实现其价值，这一全球倡议应重点关注通过教育当今的年轻人构建和平文化。
All educational institutions need to offer opportunities that prepare the students not only to live fulfilling lives but also to be responsible and productive citizens of the world. For that， educators need to introduce holistic and empowering curricula that cultivate the culture of peace in each and every young mind.
Indeed， this should be more appropriately called “education for global citizenship”. Such learning cannot be achieved without well-intentioned， sustained， and systematic peace education that leads the way to the culture of peace.
所有的教育机构不仅需要为学生提供过上充实生活的机会，还应教育他们成为负责任和有创造性的世界公民。为此，教育工作者需要引进全面且自主的课程，使和平文化扎根于每个年轻人的思想中。
实际上，该倡议更合适的名称为“全球公民教育”。这样的学习应该通过目标明确的、可持续的、系统性的和平教育完成，将公民导向和平文化的道路。
Let me conclude by urging all of you most earnestly that we need to encourage the young people to be themselves， to build their own character， their own personality， which is embedded with understanding， tolerance and respect for diversity and in solidarity with rest of humanity. I believe that to be very important， and we need to convey that to the young people. We should do everything to empower them in the real sense， and I feel that such empowerment is going to stay with them for life. That is the significance of the Culture of Peace. That is its essence. It is the process of changing each one of us so that each of us becomes the agent of peace. It is not something temporary like resolving a conflict in one area or between communities without transforming and empowering people to sustain peace.
Albert Einstein once said， “The world is a dangerous place to live， not because of the people who are evil， but because of the people who don’t do anything about it.”
Let us – yes， all of us， therefore， embrace the culture of peace for the good of humanity， for the sustainability of our planet and for making our world a better place to live.
最后，我诚恳地呼吁大家，我们应鼓励年轻人在理解、包容、尊重多样性和团结人类的基础上做自己，打造自己的个性和人格。我相信这一点非常重要，我们要向年轻人说明。我们应尽一切努力真正赋予年轻人权利，而这样的赋权将伴随他们终生。这是和平文化的重要意义。这是其要义。这是改变每一个人成为和平媒介的过程。这不是暂时性的解决一个地区或两个社区之间的冲突，而是真正的转变和赋权，使人类实现可持续的和平。
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过，“世界是一个危险的地方，并不是因为人们都是恶魔，而是因为人们不曾为此做什么改变。”
因此，让我们——是的，我们每一个人，拥抱和平文化，为了人类的生存，为了地球的可持续，为了将我们的世界变成一个更好的家园。
The initial keynote presentation this afternoon titled “The Culture of Peace： Agenda for New Global Civilization” is a kind of curtain-raiser for the issues which would be surveyed during my three-day visit to your beautiful and lively campus. At the end， I hope I leave behind some better understanding of these key global issues as well as increased energy and greater commitment to undertake our responsibilities as global citizens.
我十分荣幸接受瓦伦西亚学院和平与正义行动组织的邀请来到奥兰多，就一系列问题进行互动和讨论，这些问题关乎人类一直以来想要实现的目标，关乎我们自身和后代在这个星球上能否更好的生存。
今天下午的演讲主旨为“和平文化：新的全球文明议程”，它将为我在瓦伦西亚学院为期三天的行程中所要调研的问题拉开帷幕。在此之后，我希望各位能对这些全球性的问题有一些更好的了解，也希望你们能从中汲取更多的能量，充分担负起身为地球公民的责任。
This September the President of the General Assembly of the United Nations Vuk Jeremic of Serbia convened the second High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace. It is under his presidency that the Assembly adopted last December by consensus its resolution 67/106 which mandated the President to convene the Forum devoted to the implementation of the UN Programme of Action on Culture of Peace on the occasion of the anniversary of the adoption of the Programme. His predecessor Ambassador Nassir Al-Nasser of Qatar took the pioneering initiative to hold the first-ever High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace in September of 2012. The international community is keen to benefit from this annual high level gathering and its perceptive deliberations with the participations of people from diverse background sharing their erudition， experience and expertise about the culture of peace becomes an integral part of humanity quest for peace， justice and human security.
This year’s forum was held at a very propitious time as the drums of war were being sounded. Yes， I am referring to the volatile situation the world was going through in September. Peace-cherishing people everywhere were holding their breath and praying intensely so that another avoidable war would not break out.
今年9月，联合国大会主席武克·耶雷米奇（塞尔维亚）召开了第二届和平文化高级别论坛。在他的领导下，联合国大会于去年12月一致通过了第67/106决议， 该决议规定联大主席应在每年依照《联合国和平文化行动纲领》通过的日期举办周年论坛，以敦促该纲领的执行。武克·耶雷米奇主席的前任纳西尔·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·纳赛尔大使（卡塔尔）于2012年9月率先举办了第一届和平文化高级别论坛。国际社会热切希望从这一年度高级别盛事中受益。高级别论坛旨在让来自不同背景的参与者分享各自有关和平文化的知识、经验和专长，这一愿景使之成为寻求和平、正义和人类安全的人性探索中重要的一部分。 今年的论坛举办于一个非常关键的时刻，战争的钟声正要敲响。是的，我指的正是九月份世界所经历的不稳定的情形。世界各地珍惜和平的人们都屏住呼吸，祈祷这场可以避免的战争不要爆发。
To put this in an appropriate perspective， let me underscore that interdependency of today’s world， if not addressed with sanity， can turn into a social， economic， nuclear or environmental catastrophe. The magnitude of these problems requires all human beings to work together in finding realistic， rational， reasonable and responsible solutions.
Most disturbing is that today’s atrocities often are directed to people living in the same community or neighborhood. Hatred and intolerance have blurred the vision of the perpetrators. Great differences still exist between peoples and regions -- the world is experiencing a new era of insecurity and uncertainty. Despite all our progress， too many people live in extreme poverty and hunger， do not have access to as basic things as clean water or education and health. Unfortunately worst-hit victims of this everywhere are the women and children.
为了更好地说明这一看法，我不得不强调，当今世界是相互依存的，如果我们不以理智的方式处理各国关系，那么世界上将发生社会、经济、核能或是环境的大灾难。这些问题的严重性要求所有人类联合起来，共同寻找实际的、理性的、合理的并负责任的解决办法。
最让人不安的是当下的暴行经常发生在居住在同一社区或邻里的人们之间。仇恨和不容忍使行凶者的视线变得模糊。不同地区的人们之间仍然存在巨大差异——世界正在经历一个充满不安全和不确定的新时代。尽管我们取得了一些进步，仍有太多人生活在极度的贫困和饥饿当中，无从获得基本的生活所需，如干净的饮用水、教育和医疗设施。不幸的是，受打击最严重的往往是妇女和儿童。
The first step towards examining the road to peace should start with an understanding of the implications of these realities. The values of non-violence， tolerance and democracy which augment the flourishing of the culture of peace will generate the mindset that is a prerequisite for the transition from force to reason， from conflict and violence to dialogue and peace.
This I have seen first hand as my work took me to the farthest corners of the world. What I have seen has outraged me but also has given me hope and encouragement that there are forces who are determined to turn our planet into a livable place for all and where human dignity has taken strong roots. Those are working hard to turn all the negative energies into positive ones so that every individual can realize her or his highest potential and live a secure and fulfilling life. I am always inspired by the human spirit and its resilience and capacity to overcome all adversity.
研究通往和平道路的第一步应该从理解这些现实背后的意义开始。非暴力、包容和民主的价值观可以促进和平文化的传播，进而形成从强迫向理性、从冲突和暴力向对话和和平过渡所必须的思想前提。
我的工作将我带到世界上的每一个角落，亲眼目睹了许多事情。那些使我愤怒的事情也给了我希望和鼓励，因为我看到总有一些人们决心将我们的星球转变成一个能够让所有人都有尊严生活的和谐空间。他们不断努力，将负能量转换为正能量，使每一个人都能意识到自身所蕴含的巨大潜能，使每一个人都能过上安全、如愿的生活。 From Sierra Leone to Sri Lanka， from Mongolia to Mauritius， from Paraguay to the Philippines， from Kosovo to Kazakhstan， from Bhutan to the Bahamas to Burkina Faso， I have seen time and again how people – even the humblest and the weakest – have contributed to building the culture of peace in their personal lives， in their families， in their communities and in their countries. And that ultimately is contributing to building a new and better tomorrow for humanity and to the global movement for the culture of peace.
One lesson that I have learned from this is that to prevent our history of war and conflict from repeating itself - the values of non-violence， tolerance， human rights and democratic participation will have to be germinated in every woman and man - children and adults alike. Another message comes out loud and clear that we should never forget that when women – half of world’s seven billion people - are marginalized， there is no chance for our world to get sustainable peace in the real sense.
从塞拉利昂到斯里兰卡，从蒙古到毛里求斯，从巴拉圭到菲律宾，从科索沃到哈萨克斯坦，从不丹到巴哈马再到布基纳法索，我已经目睹了无数次人们，即使是那些最谦卑最微弱的人们，在他们各自的生活中，在他们的家庭中，在他们的社区中和在他们的国家中为构建和平文化做出贡献。
我从中学到的最重要的一课就是我们要阻止战争和冲突的历史重演——非暴力、包容、人权和民主参与的价值观应在每个女人、男人、孩童、成人心中扎根。其传达的另一个清晰的信息就是，妇女占世界70亿人口中的半数，我们永远不能忘记当女性被边缘化，我们就没有机会实现真正意义上的可持续的和平。
While women are often the first victims of armed conflicts， they must also and always be recognized for their key role in the resolution of conflicts and reduction of violence. It is my strong belief that unless women are engaged in advancing the culture of peace at equal levels at all times with men， sustainable peace would continue to elude us.
I also believe with all my conviction that when women are marginalized and their equality is not established in all spheres of human activity， neither the human right to peace is possible， nor the culture of peace is worthwhile.
女性通常是武装冲突的首要受害者，但她们也是解决冲突和暴力的关键。我坚信，除非女性能参与到推动和平文化的进程中来，在与男性平等的水平上发挥作用，否则我们将无法实现和平文化。
我还坚信，如果女性被边缘化，如果她们在所有人类活动中都不能享受平等待遇，那么人类维护和平是不可能的，和平文化的价值也是不会实现的。
As has been rightly said， without peace， development is not possible， without development， peace is not achievable， and without women， neither peace nor development can be realised.
The need for the culture of peace is evident as we reflect on how our civilization has succumbed， from time to time， to the human frailties of greed， ambition and selfishness. We have seen that violence is often committed under the veil of public mandates when in fact those are the wishes of the few in power or who have power， be they economic， political， military， or even religious. 正如我们说过的那样，没有和平，发展将失去可能，没有发展，和平将不能达成，没有女性，和平和发展都将不能实现。
我们对和平文化的需求可以充分的从过去中反映出来，我们的文明曾向人性的贪婪、野心和自私屈服。我们已经目睹了暴力经常以公众授权的名义出现，但实际上那只体现了少数掌权人在经济、政治、军事或是宗教方面的利益。
As we all know， the 20th century had been the most violent in human history. With the dawn of the new millennium， with the end of the Cold War， our expectations for a peace dividend seemed realistic. But our hopes were dashed with new conflicts breaking out in different parts of the world. It is therefore important and necessary that we take a close look at our approaches toward bringing peace to this world， to our communities and to each one of us as individuals. We have to find out where and why we went wrong.
And， obviously， we have to find better ways to establish peace. We need to remember that in the hate and violence filled 20th Century， we have seen the power of non-violence in the sacrifices of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King， Jr. Forces of hatred and intolerance claimed their lives…but not their souls， not their spirits.
正如我们所知，20世纪在人类历史上是最为暴力的。随着新纪元的开始和冷战的结束，我们对和平的希冀似乎可以成为现实。但是我们的希望被世界各地新爆发的冲突所打破。因此，我们应进一步研究使世界走向和平的道路，无论是对社区还是每个人来说，这都非常重要。我们要审视我们曾经所犯的错误并找出原因。
并且，我们显然还需要找到构建和平的更好方式。我们应该铭记20世纪中充斥的仇恨和暴力，我们也从莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地和马丁·路德·金的牺牲中看到了非暴力的力量。仇恨和不包容的力量夺去了他们的生命，但却不能消灭他们的灵魂和精神。
We should not isolate peace as something separate or distant. We should know how to relate to one another without being aggressive， without being violent， without being disrespectful， without neglect， without prejudice. It is important to realize that the absence of peace takes away the opportunities that we need to better ourselves， to prepare ourselves， to empower ourselves to face the challenges of our lives， individually and collectively. Absence of peace makes our challenges， our struggles， much more difficult. Here let me express my concern that continuing and ever-expanding militarism is impoverishing and destroying both the Earth and the humankind.
As the living apostle for peace Daisaku Ikeda particularly emphasizes the positive， active pursuit of peace as opposed to the absence of war what he calls “passive peace”. His focus on the culture of peace – peace through dialogue - peace through non-violence has been very inspiring to millions. The culture of peace should be the foundation of the new global society. In today’s world， more so， it should be seen as the essence of a new humanity， a new global civilization based on inner oneness and outer diversity. In this context， another dimension is worthy of our particular attention. Poverty and lack of opportunities deprive people of their dignity as human beings， leaving them hopeless and incapable of pursuing the kind of life they may deserve. I have seen this from close quarters as I traveled extensively in the poorest and most vulnerable countries of the world championing their cause in my last responsibility with the United Nations. Marginalization and abuse because of ethnicity， gender or religion， repression or bias， violence or intolerance are all closely linked to poverty and the concurrent lack of basic human rights. We must not forget that it is not only morally unsupportable but also practically unrealistic to achieve sustainable peace without addressing squarely the crushing problems of poverty and human insecurity.
我们不应把和平看成是单独存在的一件事。我们应该知道和平与生活中的一切息息相关，需要驱除那些攻击性的、暴力的、不尊重的、轻视的和偏见的行为。重要的是，我们需要认识到和平的缺失会使我们失去成为更好的人的机会，使我们失去锻炼自己、赋权自身去面对生活中挑战的机会。和平的缺失使我们面临的挑战和挣扎更为困难。我所困扰的就是，持续的、不断扩大的军国主义正在削弱和毁灭地球和人类。
和平的使者池田大作先生特别强调积极追求和平，反对战争，他讲战争成为“消极的和平”。他对和平文化、对话实现和平和非暴力实现和平的专注激励了千百万人。和平文化应是新的全球社会的基础。在当今世界，和平文化应被视为是新的人性的精髓，这是基于内部一致和外部多元的一种新的全球文明。
在此背景下，另一个现象也十分值得我们关注。贫困和机遇的缺乏剥夺了人们作为人类的尊严，迫使他们放弃希望、放弃追求各自想要的生活。我在世界最贫困和最落后地区的走访使我亲身感受到这个事实，为他们而奋斗成为我在联合国最后的责任。由民族、性别、宗教、约束、偏见、暴力和不包容引起的边缘化和虐待都与贫困和人权的缺失紧密相关。我们必须记住，如果不能公正的解决贫困和人类不安全的问题，不仅是在道德层面阻碍可持续的和平，还会使可持续的和平在现实中无法实现。
Another pre-eminent concern that should get our attention is that the concept of security has for too long been interpreted narrowly： as security of territory from external aggression and has been related to the concept of nation-states than to people. In this process， the legitimate concerns of common people and their perpetual quest for individual security in their daily lives are forgotten. End of cold war has brought to the forefront very clearly that many conflicts and their causes are within nations rather than between nations. For most people of the world， a sense of insecurity comes not so much from the traditional security concerns， but from the concerns about their survival， self-preservation and wellbeing in a day-to-day context. It is， therefore， absolutely essential that human security in a broader sense should receive priority attention of the international community. “Peace does not mean just to stop wars， but also to stop oppression， injustice and neglect”.
How can we build the culture of peace？ In 1999， the United Nations adopted the Declaration and Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace， a monumental document that transcends boundaries， cultures， societies and nations. It was an honour for me to Chair the nine-month long negotiations that led to the adoption of this historic norm-setting document that is considered as one of the most significant legacies of the United Nations that would endure generations. Through this landmark adoption， the General Assembly laid down humanity’s charter for the new approaching millennium. Identifying eight specific areas， it encourages actions at all levels – the individual， the family， the community， the nation， the region and， of course， the global level. Though the Programme of Action is an agreement among nations， governments， civil society， media and individuals are all identified in this document as key actors. However， a lot more needs to be done if the culture of peace is to have the necessary impact. It needs to move out of the international conference rooms to national parliaments， local governments， village councils and homes.
另一个值得我们关注的突出问题是，安全的概念一直以来被狭隘的理解为：领土安全不受外来入侵，这一概念更强调国家的安全而非个人的安全。在这个过程中，普通人所真正关心的和他们一直寻求的生活中的个人安全被忽视了。冷战清楚地表明许多冲突和起缘都来自国家内部而非国家间。对于世界上的大多数人来说，不安全感并不是来自传统意义上的安全困扰，而来自于他们对生存、自我保护和日常生活健康幸福的担忧。因此，广义上的人类安全应该得到国际社会的优先关注，这必不可少。“和平并不只是意味着停止战争，还要停止压迫、不公平和轻视”。
我们怎样才能构建和平文化？1999年，联合国通过了《和平文化宣言和行动纲领》，这是一个超越界限、文化、社会和国家的里程碑性文件。我倍感荣幸能在当时主持长达9个月的协商，并最终通过了这一历史性的、规范性的文件。这一文件被视作是联合国经久不衰的传奇之一。在该文件通过之后，联合国大会为新的世纪设定了人类的宪章。它鼓励在八个特别领域中开展各种层面的行动——个人、家庭、社区、国家、地区，以及全球层面。尽管《行动纲领》是一个国家间的协定，但是政府、民间社会、媒体和个人在其中都被认为是重要的参与者。
然而，让和平文化发挥其应有的作用，我们需要做的仍有很多。我们需要让对和平文化的讨论走出国际会议，走进国家议会、地方政府、村镇议会和家庭。
To turn the culture of peace into a global， universal movement， basically all that is needed is for every one of us to be a true believer in peace and non-violence， and to practice what we profess. Whether it is at events such as this， in places of worship， in schools or in our homes， a lot can be achieved in promoting the culture of peace through individual resolve and action. Peace and non-violence should become a part of our daily existence. This is the only way we shall achieve a just and sustainable peace in the world.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted at the inaugural High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace last year that “A key ingredient in building culture of peace is education. We are here to talk about how to create this culture of peace. I have a simple， one-word answer： education. Through education， we teach children not to hate. Through education， we raise leaders who act with wisdom and compassion. Through education， we establish a true， lasting culture of peace.” This statement reiterates what the Programme wants to convey by putting “education” as the first among its eight action areas. He went on to say The Secretary-General’s new global initiative called “Education First” is aimed at giving every child the chance to attend school， to have quality lessons and to strengthen their core values and thereby， building the culture of peace. I believe strongly that to be worthwhile， this global initiative needs to focus on building the culture of peace through education to the young of today.
为了将和平文化转化成全球性的行动，我们需要做的最基本的就是让每一个人都真正相信和平和非暴力，并依此行动。无论是在今天这样的活动中、在教堂、在学校还是在家，个人的决心和行动都能大大推进和平文化的进程。和平和非暴力应该成为我们日常生活的一部分。这是我们实现世界公平和可持续和平的唯一途径。 联合国秘书长潘基文在去年的首届和平文化高级别论坛中主张，“构建和平文化的一个关键元素是教育。我们在这里讨论如何创造和平文化，我的答案非常简单：教育。通过教育，我们教会孩子不去憎恨。通过教育，我们培养出富有智慧和激情的领袖。通过教育，我们构建真正长久的和平文化。”这一陈述重申了与《纲领》一致的内容，将“教育”列为八个领域中的第一个。他接着说道联合国秘书长的新的全球倡议可以称为“教育第一”，旨在给每个孩子上学的机会、接受优质教育和提高核心价值的机会，从而构建和平文化。我坚信，为实现其价值，这一全球倡议应重点关注通过教育当今的年轻人构建和平文化。
All educational institutions need to offer opportunities that prepare the students not only to live fulfilling lives but also to be responsible and productive citizens of the world. For that， educators need to introduce holistic and empowering curricula that cultivate the culture of peace in each and every young mind.
Indeed， this should be more appropriately called “education for global citizenship”. Such learning cannot be achieved without well-intentioned， sustained， and systematic peace education that leads the way to the culture of peace.
所有的教育机构不仅需要为学生提供过上充实生活的机会，还应教育他们成为负责任和有创造性的世界公民。为此，教育工作者需要引进全面且自主的课程，使和平文化扎根于每个年轻人的思想中。
实际上，该倡议更合适的名称为“全球公民教育”。这样的学习应该通过目标明确的、可持续的、系统性的和平教育完成，将公民导向和平文化的道路。
Let me conclude by urging all of you most earnestly that we need to encourage the young people to be themselves， to build their own character， their own personality， which is embedded with understanding， tolerance and respect for diversity and in solidarity with rest of humanity. I believe that to be very important， and we need to convey that to the young people. We should do everything to empower them in the real sense， and I feel that such empowerment is going to stay with them for life. That is the significance of the Culture of Peace. That is its essence. It is the process of changing each one of us so that each of us becomes the agent of peace. It is not something temporary like resolving a conflict in one area or between communities without transforming and empowering people to sustain peace.
Albert Einstein once said， “The world is a dangerous place to live， not because of the people who are evil， but because of the people who don’t do anything about it.”
Let us – yes， all of us， therefore， embrace the culture of peace for the good of humanity， for the sustainability of our planet and for making our world a better place to live.
最后，我诚恳地呼吁大家，我们应鼓励年轻人在理解、包容、尊重多样性和团结人类的基础上做自己，打造自己的个性和人格。我相信这一点非常重要，我们要向年轻人说明。我们应尽一切努力真正赋予年轻人权利，而这样的赋权将伴随他们终生。这是和平文化的重要意义。这是其要义。这是改变每一个人成为和平媒介的过程。这不是暂时性的解决一个地区或两个社区之间的冲突，而是真正的转变和赋权，使人类实现可持续的和平。
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过，“世界是一个危险的地方，并不是因为人们都是恶魔，而是因为人们不曾为此做什么改变。”
因此，让我们——是的，我们每一个人，拥抱和平文化，为了人类的生存，为了地球的可持续，为了将我们的世界变成一个更好的家园。