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目的对2013—2016年沈阳市某陶瓷厂新发尘肺工人肺功能调查与分析,为尘肺防护提供依据。方法回顾2013年8月—2016年2月沈阳某陶瓷厂接尘作业工人,确诊新发尘肺工人282例,尘肺壹期158例,贰期88例,叁期36例。随机分为两组,观察组141例,对照组141例。观察组:加强个人防护、增加营养、增强锻炼、加大宣传预防知识;对照组保持原工作状态不变。分别记录两组尘肺工人的肺功能,用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1),第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_1%),最大呼气流量(PEF)。结果新发尘肺工人工龄为5~10年的发病例数(39.4%)最多,其次是工龄<5年的(22.7%)。壹期尘肺工人的工龄最长(13.5±9.7)a。壹期矽肺工人FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1%、PEF均明显高于贰期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贰期矽肺工人FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1%、PEF均明显高于叁期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组肺功能FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1%、PEF均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强职业病制度监管,提高用人单位的自觉性和工作者的自我防范意识,增强抵抗力,良好的生活习惯减少呼吸道感染,定期进行健康检查,降低粉尘对工人的危害。
Objective To investigate and analyze the pulmonary function of new-onset pneumoconiosis workers from a ceramic factory in Shenyang from 2013 to 2016, and provide basis for pneumoconiosis protection. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted from August 2013 to February 2016 in a ceramic factory in Shenyang, with 282 workers diagnosed with newly emerged pneumoconiosis, 158 patients with pneumoconiosis one, 88 patients with II, and 36 patients with three phases. Randomly divided into two groups, observation group 141 cases, control group 141 cases. Observation group: to strengthen personal protection, increase nutrition, enhance exercise, increase awareness of prevention knowledge; control group to maintain the original working condition unchanged. Pulmonary function, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV_1), forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (FEV_1%), maximum expiratory flow (PEF) . Results The number of new-onset pneumoconiosis workers was 5 to 10 years (39.4%), followed by those with less than 5 years (22.7%). The one-year pneumoconiosis workers had the longest service-life (13.5 ± 9.7) a. The FVC, FEV_1, FEV_1% and PEF of stage I silicosis workers were significantly higher than those of stage II patients, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The FVC, FEV_1, FEV_1% and PEF of stage II silicosis workers were significantly higher than those of stage III, with significant difference (P <0.05). The pulmonary function FVC, FEV_1, FEV_1% and PEF of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion To strengthen the regulation of occupational diseases, improve the consciousness of employers and workers’ awareness of self-protection, enhance their resistance and good living habits to reduce respiratory infections, carry out regular health examination and reduce the harm of dust to workers.