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目的分析2006-2014年江苏省各地上报的急性职业中毒事件以及各辖市上报的急性职业中毒事件工作开展情况,依据《卫生部突发中毒事件卫生应急预案》,围绕突发性急性职业中毒的应急救援,借鉴发达国家成功经验,结合江苏省实际情况,指出现阶段急性职业中毒事件应急救援中存在的不足,为及时、高效开展急性职业中毒卫生应急救援,降低急性职业中毒死亡率提供科学依据。方法对2006-2014年江苏省各地上报的急性职业中毒事件以及各辖市上报的急性职业中毒事件工作开展情况进行分析和总结,用Excel表格进行数据录入,对这9年间江苏省报告的急性职业中毒资料进行描述性分析。结果江苏省自2006-2014年,累计报告急性职业中毒事例288起,平均每年32起;共有中毒患者460例;平均每年中毒人数为51.1人,平均每起急性职业中毒事件中毒人数1.6人,中毒人数整体呈逐年下降趋势;因急性中毒而死亡的总人数为13人,中毒死亡率为2.83%;事故共涉及39个行业,其中化学原料及化学品制造业报告人数最多,有151人,占32.8%;而导致急性中毒的化学物质多达58种,其中一氧化碳中毒人数最多,有74人,占16.1%;在时间分布上,急性职业中毒事故多发生在二、三季度。结论我国在职业中毒卫生应急救援方面起步较晚,发展迟缓,我省近几年来的急性职业中毒事件卫生应急救援情况整体呈滑坡趋势。急性职业中毒事件应急救援是时间紧迫、危害较大的事件,对于这类事件的卫生应急救援需要科学规划,建立和完善急性职业中毒应急救援体系。
Objective To analyze the situation of acute occupational poisonings reported in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2014 and the cases of acute occupational poisoning incidents reported by cities under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China. According to the “Preventive Plan for Health Emergency of MOHU” Emergency rescue, learn from the successful experience of developed countries, combined with the actual situation in Jiangsu Province, point out the shortcomings of emergency rescue of acute occupational poisoning incidents at this stage, provide a scientific basis for timely and efficient emergency rescue of acute occupational poisoning and reduce the mortality rate of acute occupational poisoning . Methods Acute occupational poisoning cases reported in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2014 and the cases of acute occupational poisoning incidents reported by cities under the jurisdiction were analyzed and summarized. Data were entered in Excel format. The acute occupations reported in Jiangsu Province in these 9 years were analyzed. Poisoning data descriptive analysis. Results A total of 288 cases of acute occupational poisoning were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2014, with an average of 32 cases per year. A total of 460 cases were poisoned. The average annual number of poisonings was 51.1, with an average of 1.6 poisoning cases per acute occupational poisoning. The overall number showed a year-by-year downward trend; the total number of deaths due to acute poisoning was 13 and the poisoning death rate was 2.83%. The accident involved a total of 39 industries, of which the chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry had the largest number of reports, with 151 persons accounting for 32.8%. As many as 58 kinds of chemical substances resulted in acute poisoning, of which carbon monoxide poisoning was the largest, with 74 people accounting for 16.1%. In terms of time distribution, acute occupational poisoning occurred mostly in the second and third quarters. Conclusions Our country started late in the emergency rescue of occupational poisoning and started sluggishly. The health emergency rescue of acute occupational poisoning incidents in our province in recent years showed a trend of landslide. Acute occupational poisoning emergency rescue is a time-critical and endangering large event. Emergency rescue of such events requires scientific planning and establishing and perfecting the acute occupational poisoning emergency rescue system.