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思维定势是指人们用一种固定了的思路和习惯去考虑问题,表现为人们思维的一种倾向性和专注性。它是一种思维的惯性,其基本特征是:(1)将新问题归结为旧问题的趋向性;(2)扩大已有经验的应用范围。思维定势有积极的一面,但也有消极的一面,主要表现在习惯性思维上,容易产生负迁移作用,也会造成方法定型化,“先入为主”的情况,有时还会以“功能僵化”的形式反映出来,从而形成思维的惰性与呆板性,妨碍创新思维的发展。为了克服思维定势消极的一面,在解决实际问题中应采取反思维定势的措施。克服思维的封闭状态,培养思维的广
Mindset refers to people using a fixed thinking and habits to consider the problem, manifested as a tendency of people thinking and focus. It is a kind of inertia of thinking. Its basic characteristics are: (1) the new problem is reduced to the tendency of the old problem; and (2) the scope of application of the existing experience is expanded. Thinking has a positive side, but it also has a negative side. It mainly manifests itself in habitual thinking and is prone to negative transfer. It can also lead to the stereotyping of methods and the preconceived notion that sometimes “ Rigid ”reflected in the form, so that the formation of inertia and rigid thinking, hinder the development of innovative thinking. In order to overcome the negative side of thinking, we should take countermeasures to resolve the actual situation. Overcome the closed state of thinking, develop a wide range of thinking