论文部分内容阅读
1990—1993年共鉴定了来自全国18个省(区)的496份叶锈菌标样。根据在全国统一的8个鉴别寄主上的反应,划分为16个生理小种和10个未定型,其中叶中4号为优势小种,出现频率为60.5％,是目前小麦抗叶锈病育种的主要对象。其次是叶中34号、叶中3号、叶中44号、叶中19号、未定Ⅲ型和叶中5号,其出现频率分别为9.5％、7.7％、5.2％、2.4％、2.0％和1.4％。小种致病性特点分析结果表明:①不同小种对我国主要麦区大面积种植的生产品种和重要抗源的毒性各不相同,以叶中4号毒力最强,毒谱最宽;②同一小种不同菌株(系)的毒性既有共性,也具异质性,但共性是主要的;③抗性基因在不同的遗传背景中反应不尽相同。作者还对锈菌生理专化研究方法进行了讨论。
A total of 496 leaf rust samples from 18 provinces (districts) in China were identified from 1990 to 1993. According to the national identification of the eight host reaction, divided into 16 physiological races and 10 undetermined, in which Yezhong 4 as the dominant race, the frequency of 60.5%, is the current resistance to leaf rust breeding of wheat The main object. Followed by Yezhong 34, Yezhong 3, Yezhong 44, Yezhong 19, Undetermined Ⅲ and Yezhong 5, the appearance frequency was 9.5%, 7.7%, 5.2%, 2.4%, 2.0% And 1.4%. The results of pathogenicity analysis showed that: (1) Different races differed in their toxicity to different cultivars and important sources of resistance in large-scale cultivation in major wheat areas in China. Yezhong No. 4 was the most virulent and the most toxic. ② The same species of different strains (lines) of the toxicity of both common, but also heterogeneous, but the common is the main; ③ resistance genes in different genetic backgrounds in different reactions. The author also discussed the research methods of rust specialization.