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晚清之季,浸润了中国传统族别意识的西方民族主义促发和完成了对国人现代民族意识的塑建。中国马克思主义文学批评的先驱在这一时期的撰述和社会活动中,几乎无一例外地表现出强烈的民族主义观念,这为他们后来选择和接受马克思主义铺平了道路。民族主义是中国马克思主义文学批评形成时的思想动力背景与现实境遇任务,民族性自然地成为后者解析文艺与阶级性并行不悖的考察维度和价值诉求。然而随着革命斗争的深入和俄苏马克思主义文学批评的介入,中国马克思主义文学批评开始以阶级性排斥民族性,以国际主义扬弃民族主义,文艺的民族性维度受到排挤。尽管如此,中国马克思主义文学批评并未彻底摒弃文艺的民族性,而是在批判、扬弃狭隘落后的以个人主义为基础的资产阶级民族主义的同时,辩证容纳了与社会主义国际主义和无产阶级斗争相统一的民族主义。虽然接受了经典与俄苏马克思主义文学批评在民族问题上的某些见解,然而形成期的中国马克思主义批评的民族观并没有一味盲从前者,而是根据中国革命的历史实际展开了不仅在立场上,同时也在具体内涵上有别于它们的探求。
In the late Qing dynasty, western nationalism infiltrating the awareness of traditional ethnic groups in China promoted and completed the construction of the modern national consciousness of the Chinese people. The pioneers of Chinese Marxist literary criticism almost invariably showed strong nationalist ideas in their writings and social activities during this period, paving the way for their subsequent choice and acceptance of Marxism. Nationalism is the ideological motivation background and the real situation of the task when the Chinese Marxist literary criticism was formed. The nationality naturally became the investigation dimension and the value appeal of the latter that parallels the analysis of literature and art and class nature. However, with the deepening of the revolutionary struggle and the involvement of Russian and Soviet Marxist literary criticism, Chinese Marxist literary criticism began to exclude ethnicity in a hierarchical manner and to abandon it with internationalism. The ethnic dimensions of literature and art were excluded. Nevertheless, Chinese Marxist literary criticism did not completely abandon the nationality of literature and art, but criticized and abandoned the petty-bourgeois-based bourgeois nationalism while at the same time dialectically accommodated the relations with socialist internationalism and the proletariat Nationalism in a united struggle. Although accepting some views on the nationality issues from classic and Russian-Soviet Marxist literary criticism, the national outlook on the formation of the Chinese Marxist critique did not blindly obey the former, but on the basis of the historical reality of the Chinese revolution, On the specific connotation but also different from their search.