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在纵隔肿瘤中,胸腺瘤的发病率较高。其中尚包括与胸腺相关的肿瘤。严格的定义为:发生于胸腺细胞,即()腺上皮细胞与淋巴细胞的肿瘤称之为胸腺瘤。尚有两种特殊类型:精原细胞瘤和肉芽肿型胸腺瘤,前者为恶性胚胎细胞瘤,后者属于恶性淋巴瘤中的何杰金氏病。日本胸腺瘤占纵隔肿瘤的32％。其发病率有种系差异,日本比欧美高2倍。好发于青壮年,男女之间无差异。少数发生于颈部、肺门、气管与后纵隔者,称之为异位胸腺瘤。对胸腺瘤大体标本的观察,是判断其生物学行为,即良性与恶性的重要手段。肿瘤被膜完整包围者为良性;不完整、并向周围浸润或远隔转移者为恶性。胸腺瘤的细胞构成为胸腺上皮与淋巴细胞,前者为肿瘤形成细胞,可呈圆形、卵圆形、棱形。后者多
In mediastinal tumors, the incidence of thymoma is high. It also includes thymus-related tumors. Strictly defined as: occurs in thymus cells, that is () glandular epithelial cells and lymphocytes are called thymoma tumors. There are two special types: seminomas and granulomatous thymomas, the former being malignant embryonal cell tumors and the latter belonging to Hodgkin’s disease in malignant lymphomas. Japanese thymoma accounts for 32% of mediastinal tumors. There is a phylogenetic difference in its incidence. Japan is twice as high as Europe and the United States. It happened in young adults and there were no differences between men and women. A few occur in the neck, hilar, trachea and posterior mediastinum, called ectopic thymoma. The observation of gross specimens of thymoma is an important means of judging its biological behavior, ie benign and malignant. Tumors surrounded by intact tumours are benign; incomplete, infiltrating, or distant metastases are malignant. The cells of thymoma are composed of thymic epithelium and lymphocytes. The former is a tumor-forming cell and can be round, oval or prismatic. The latter is more