草坪植物对铅的吸收积累及其根际效应

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本试验首先通过溶液培养试验研究了四种草坪植物对铅的耐性,结果表明翦股颖对铅的耐性强于其它三种植物,然后采用根袋法进一步研究了在不同浓度的铅处理下,黑麦草、狗牙根、早熟禾和翦股颖对铅的吸收积累特点和铅对四种植物生长及其根际生物活性的影响。四种植物吸收的铅绝大部分积累在根系,根部和地上部铅含量与土壤铅添加量呈显著正相关。试验研究结果显示,铅在各种植物体内的含量顺序是黑麦草>翦股颖>狗牙根>早熟禾(以各种植物含量最高的器官计);从根系耐性指数来衡量四种植物对铅的耐性,强弱顺序为:翦股颖>黑麦草>早熟禾>狗牙根;从富集能力来看,四种植物的富集能力大小顺序为:翦股颖>黑麦草>狗牙根>早熟禾。随着土壤中添加Pb浓度升高,微生物数量总的趋势增加,其所构成的三大类菌数的趋势也因植物根系环境的不同而有所区别:三种植物根际土壤细菌数量增加,黑麦草和早熟禾根际土壤放线菌数量降低,翦股颖根际土壤放线菌数量呈现波动起伏;三种植物根际土壤真菌数量均增加。四种草坪植物根际土壤中过氧化氢酶活性、淀粉酶活性和中性磷酸酶活性与土壤铅含量都表现出负相关性,与淀粉酶活性负相关达到极显著,可以把淀粉酶活性作为黄壤铅污染的预警指标,铅对黑麦草和狗牙根根际土壤脲酶活性表现出低浓度下激活高浓度下抑制,早熟禾和翦股颖根际土壤脲酶活性与土壤铅含量表现出正相关。各形态Pb的含量均随添加质量比的增加而升高,碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态Pb增幅较大,交换态Pb含量增幅很低;而随铅添加量的增加,交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态、碳酸盐结合态在土壤中质量分数增大,其余两种形态却有减小趋势,其中碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机态占优势,其次为残留态,交换态质量分数最小,且不同根际环境和不同处理浓度对铅的形态分布也有影响。   
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