旱地土壤供氮能力指标研究

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  土壤供氮力指标主要分为化学指标和生物学指标。化学指标测定简便、迅速,受土壤样品的预处理和储存的影响较小。化学指标通常有一定的局限性,而且没有充分考虑到土壤氮素矿化—生物固定循环转化这一事实,只是通过与吸氮量相关分析得来的,缺乏足够的理论依据,因而都是一些经验性指标;而生物学指标测定比较麻烦,条件也比较严格,不适合快速测定,但该方法理论基础较好。就目前来看,化学方法仍是研究的热点,寻找一种能够考虑土壤微生物矿化循环且适用范围比较广,测定简便迅速的供氮力指标成为人们的重点研究内容。氯仿熏蒸-浸提法就是一个值得研究的方法。   氯仿熏蒸—浸提法是将土壤经过氯仿熏蒸后,用0.5mol/L的硫酸钾溶液浸提。不但可以溶出土壤原有的可溶性有机氮和无机氮,而且还可以浸提出部分土壤微生物量氮,以此来估算土壤微生物量氮总量。该方法适合于各种土壤甚至是淹水土壤的微生物量氮的测定,其测定结果稳定、准确。该方法自提出以来,一直被用于土壤微生物量氮的测定。然而迄今为止,尚未引入土壤供氮力的测定,本文以氯仿熏蒸浸提法为理论基础,采用不同肥力和不同土地利用方式的棕壤及草甸棕壤为研究对象,选取目前常用供氮力指标诸如全氮、碱解氮、短期培养氮等作为参比,以黑麦草吸氮量为基本量度,进行分析比较,探讨氯仿熏蒸—浸提氮作为供氮力指标的可行性和优越性,如获成功,将是化学浸提方法测定土壤有效氮的一个新的进展。同时本文还对各供氮指标表征土壤供氮力的效果进行了研究。   此外,本文还进一步将氯仿熏蒸全氮与其他供氮指标进行比较分析。
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