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Navigation difficulty in multilevel buildings generally becomes a new functional problem for many contemporary public buildings.While,wayfinding researches derived from outdoor environment study have limited method dealing with multi-level buildings and relatively few empirical case studies.Taking No.18 building in the Xiangshan Campus of China Academy of Art,Hangzhou as the case study,this research on the one hand develops the methods and techniques of in this field;on the other hand,enriches our understanding of extremely complex building interiors with detailed user behavior and perception description.Under the triangulation principle,this study collected data by questionnaire,cognitive map and wayfinding experiment.Many evidences show that this is an extreme case for study wayfinding difficulty.71% of familiar users and 85% of half familiar users reported that they experience navigation difficulty in their daily use.More than 60% of users cognitive maps have obvious discrepancy compare to the real plan.In wayfinding experiment,a perimeter PAO (percentage of actually distance above optimal path length) allow the authors to make a cross comparison among this case and other four multi-level buildings.The standard deviation of PAO value for No.18 building is much higher than the other cases,which supports Moesers viewpoint made in 1988 by another extreme case: in very complex spatial layout,even the great familiarity cannot help people to achieve a comprehensive understand of the building structure.This paper then discusses the causes of wayfinding difficulty and suggests that horizontal folding form of the plan and unusual vertical connections are the two main spatial reasons.The knowledge achieved from this study can help designers to think of spatial complexity with more consciousness.Also,it opens a new possibility of post occupation evaluation on public buildings in the dimension of navigation and efficiency.