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Biofilms which contribute to the persistent bacterial infections pose a serious threat to global public health,mainly due to their resistance to antibiotics and evading innate immune attacks by phagocytes.Development of novel antibacterial agents to effectively inhibit or clear biofilms is crucial.A preliminary cancer NIR photothermal therapy suggested that the aggregated AuNPs possess intense photothermal effeciency upon near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation.Here,we design a smart nanoparticle(NP)system exhibited effective antibacterial activity upon near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation in biofilm microenvironment but no side effect for normal tissues.Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)were facilely prepared by surface modification with mixed-charge zwitterionic self-assembled monolayers,which can be stable at the pH of blood and normal tissues but aggregate instantly in response to the acidic extracellular pH of biofilms.